Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the potential application of cellulose/polyaniline (Ce/Pn) nanocomposite for the treatment of synthetic reactive dye bath effluent. The Ce/Pn composite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. A central composite experimental design, a most popular design of response surface methodology, was applied to optimize the level of variables, namely, cellulose and polyaniline, to get the best response on dye removal. Biological transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the cellulose particles were uniformly distributed on the nanocomposite. The results of the batch experiment studies indicate that Ce/Pn nanocomposite removed 95.9, 91.9, 92.7, and 95.7 % of RBBR, RO, RV, and RBK, respectively, and it decolorized 82 % of dye bath effluent. However, the presence of the salts reduced the adsorption rate of the dyes. The Langmuir model and pseudo first-order rate expression exhibited satisfactory fit to adsorption data of single component.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anirudhan TS, Jalajamony S, Divya L (2009) Efficiency of amine-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose in the removal and recovery of vanadium(V) from aqueous solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:2118–2124
Baseri JR, Palanisamy PN, Sivakumar P (2012) Application of polyaniline nano composite for the adsorption of acid dye from aqueous solutions. E-J Chem 9:1266–1275
Bourikas K, Vakros J, Kordulis C, Lycourghiotis A (2003) Potentiometric mass titrations: experimental and theoretical establishment of a new technique for determining the point of zero charge (PZC) of metal (hydr)oxides. J Phys Chem B 107:9441–9451
Branchu S, Forbes RT, York P, Nyqvist H (1999) A central composite design to investigate the thermal stabilization of lysozyme. Pharmaceut Res 16:702–708
Buvaneswari N, Kannan C (2011) Plant toxic and non-toxic nature of organic dyes through adsorption mechanism on cellulose surface. J Hazard Mater 189:294–300
Chang YC, Chang SW, Chen DH (2006) Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles: studies on chitosan binding and adsorption of Co(II) ions. React Funct Polym 66:335–341
Chen YH (2011) Synthesis, characterization and dye adsorption of ilmenite nanoparticles. J Non-Cryst Solids 357:136–139
Freundlich H (1907) Ueber die adsorption in Loesungen. Z Phys Chem 57:385–470
Janaki V, Oh BT, Vijayaraghavan K, Kim JW, Kim SA, Ramasamy AK, Kamala-Kannan S (2012a) Application of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides/polyaniline composite for the treatment of Remazol effluent. Carbohyd Polym 88:1002–1008
Janaki V, Vijayaraghavan K, Oh BT, Lee KJ, Muthuchelian K, Ramasamy AK, Kamala-Kannan S (2012b) Starch/polyaniline nanocomposite for enhanced removal of reactive dyes from synthetic effluent. Carbohyd Polym 90:1437–1444
Janaki V, Oh BT, Shanthi K, Lee KJ, Ramasamy AK, Kamala-Kannan S (2012c) Polyaniline/chitosan composite: an eco-friendly polymer for enhanced removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Synth Met 162:974–980
Janaki V, Vijayaraghavan K, Ramasamy AK, Lee KJ, Oh BT, Kamala-Kannan S (2012d) Competitive adsorption of Reactive Orange 16 and Reactive Brilliant Blue R on polyaniline/bacterial extracellular polysaccharides composite—a novel eco-friendly polymer. J Hazard Mater 241–242:110–117
Klemm D, Philip B, Heinz T, Heinz U, Wagenknecht W (eds) (1998) Comprehensive cellulose chemistry, vol 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 9–25
Konicki W, Pełech I, Mijowska E, Jasinska I (2012) Adsorption of anionic dye Direct Red 23 onto magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes-Fe3C nanocomposite: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Chem Eng J 210:87–95
Kunz A, Mansilla H, Duran N (2002) A degradation and toxicity study of three textile reactive dyes by ozone. Environ Technol 23:911–918
Lin JH, Chang YH, Hsu YH (2009) Degradation of cotton cellulose treated with hydrochloric acid either in water or in ethanol. Food Hydrocolloid 23:1548–1553
Mahanta D, Madras G, Radhakrishnan S, Patil S (2009) Adsorption and desorption kinetics of anionic dyes on doped polyaniline. J Phys Chem B 113:2293–2299
Mahmoodi NM, Hayati B, Arami M, Lan C (2011) Adsorption of textile dyes on pine cone from colored wastewater: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Desalination 268:117–125
Mo Z, Zhao Z, Chen H, Niu G, Shi H (2009) Heterogeneous preparation of cellulose-polyaniline conductive composites with cellulose activated by acids and its electrical properties. Carbohyd Polym 75:660–664
Montano-Leyva B, Rodriguez-Felix F, Torres-Chavez P, Ramirez-Wong B, Lopez-Cervantes J, Sanchez-Machado D (2011) Preparation and characterization of durum wheat (Triticum durum) straw cellulose nanofibers by electrospinning. J Agric Food Chem 59:870–875
Nandi BK, Goswami A, Purkait MK (2009) Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by kaolin: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Appl Clay Sci 42:583–590
Netpradit S, Thiravetyan P, Towprayoon S (2004) Adsorption of three azo reactive dyes by metal hydroxide sludge: effect of temperature, pH, and electrolytes. J Colloid Interf Sci 270:255–261
O’Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O’Dwyer TF (2008) Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: a review. Bioresour Technol 99:6709–6724
Oh SY, Yoo DI, Shin Y, Kim HC, Kim HY, Chung YS, Park WH, Youk JH (2005) Crystalline structure analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 340:2376–2391
Pouget JP, Jozefowicz ME, Epstein AJ, Tang X, Macdiarmid AG (1991) X-ray structure of polyaniline. Macromolecules 24:779–789
Saikia JP, Banerjee S, Konwar BK, Kumar A (2010) Biocompatible novel starch/polyaniline composites: characterization, anti-cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. Colloid Surf B 81:158–164
Shuang C, Li P, Li A, Zhou Q, Zhang M, Zhou Y (2012) Quaternized magnetic microspheres for the efficient removal of reactive dyes. Water Res 46:4417–4426
Tanyildizi MS (2011) Modeling of adsorption isotherms and kinetics of reactive dye from aqueous solution by peanut hull. Chem Eng J 168:1234–1240
Vijayaraghavan K, Lee MW, Yun YS (2008) A new approach to study the decolorization of complex reactive dye bath effluent by biosorption technique. Bioresour Technol 99:5778–5785
Vijayaraghavan K, Won SW, Yun YS (2009) Treatment of complex Remazol dye effluent using sawdust- and coal-based activated carbons. J Hazard Mater 167:790–796
Wang L, Li J (2013) Adsorption of C.I. Reactive Red 228 dye from aqueous solution by modified cellulose from flax shive: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. Ind Crop Prod 42:153–158
Zeng Y, Zhao L, Wu W, Lu G, Xu F, Tong Y, Liu W, Du J (2012) Enhanced adsorption of Malachite Green onto carbon nanotube/polyaniline composites. J Appl Polym Sci 127:2475–2482
Zheng Y, Wang W, Huang D, Wang A (2012) Kapok fiber oriented-polyaniline nanofibers for efficient Cr(VI) removal. Chem Eng J 191:154–161
Zhou CH, Zhang D, Tong DS, Wu LM, Yu WH, Ismadji S (2012) Paper-like composites of cellulose acetate–organo-montmorillonite for removal of hazardous anionic dye in water. Chem Eng J 209:223–234
Zhu HY, Fu YQ, Jiang R, Jiang JH, Xiao L, Zeng GM, Zhao SL, Wang Y (2011) Adsorption removal of Congo red onto magnetic cellulose/Fe3O4/activated carbon composite: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 173:494–502
Acknowledgments
The preparation of manuscript was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the government (MEST) (No. 2011-0020202).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Janaki, V., Vijayaraghavan, K., Oh, BT. et al. Synthesis, characterization and application of cellulose/polyaniline nanocomposite for the treatment of simulated textile effluent. Cellulose 20, 1153–1166 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9910-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9910-x