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Airway Disease

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Geriatric Imaging

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Abstract

Airway diseases are common in the elderly, representing one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, due to the decline of local and systemic defenses, to the poor nutritional status, and to comorbidities of this category of patients. Some abnormalities are the result of physiological modifications of the airway with age and should be differentiated from actual disease. Knowledge of the radiologic appearance of airway diseases in this subgroup of population is mandatory to allow proper treatment and to improve patient outcome. Recent advances in MDCT and software implementation have improved accuracy in the assessment of airway diseases from the trachea to the distal airways. In this chapter we review some of the common paraphysiologic airway modifications and the distinct radiological features of the upper and the lower airway diseases that can occur in the elderly.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

c-ANCA:

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CT:

Computed tomography

CXR:

Chest radiography

DAB:

Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis

FEV1 :

Forced expiratory volume in 1 s

FVC:

Forced vital capacity

FDG-PET:

18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

GOLD:

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

MDCT:

Multidetector computed tomography

minIP:

Minimum intensity projection

MIP:

Maximum intensity projection

MPR:

Multiplanar reformations

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SCLC:

Small cell lung cancer

TB:

Tuberculosis

TBA:

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis

TBM:

Tracheobronchomalacia

TM:

Tracheomalacia

TO:

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

3D:

Three dimensional

VR:

Volume-rendering reformations

WG:

Wegener granulomatosis

YAG:

Yttrium aluminum garnet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, “A. Gemelli” Hospital, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy

    Anna Rita Larici MD, Paola Franchi MD, Mariaelena Occhipinti MD, Ersilia Devicienti MD, Annemilia del Ciello MD & Lorenzo Bonomo MD

  2. Department of Neurosciences and Imaging – Section of Integrated Imaging and Therapy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

    Manuela Mereu MD

Authors
  1. Anna Rita Larici MD
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  2. Paola Franchi MD
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  3. Mariaelena Occhipinti MD
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  4. Ersilia Devicienti MD
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  5. Manuela Mereu MD
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  6. Annemilia del Ciello MD
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  7. Lorenzo Bonomo MD
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Correspondence to Anna Rita Larici MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Viale Cappuccini 1, San Giovanni Rotondo,Foggia, 71013, Italy

    Giuseppe Guglielmi

  2. , Diagnostic Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun Central 90, Singapore, 768828, Singapore

    Wilfred C. G. Peh

  3. Dept. Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, E. Newton St. 88, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts, USA

    Ali Guermazi

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Larici, A.R. et al. (2013). Airway Disease. In: Guglielmi, G., Peh, W., Guermazi, A. (eds) Geriatric Imaging. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35579-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35579-0_14

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