Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Use of Two-Dimensional Endoanal and Transvaginal Sonography

  • Chapter
Clinical Ultrasound in Benign Proctology

  • 703 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Beynon J, Foy DMA, Channer JL, Temple LN, Virjee J, Mortensen NJMcC (1986) The endosonic appearances of normal colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 29:810–813

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Law PJ, Bartram CI (1989) Anal endosonography: technique and normal anatomy. Gastrointest Radiol 14:349–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sultan AH, Nicholls RJ, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Beynon J, Bartram CI (1993) Anal endosonography and correlation with in vitro and in vivo anatomy. Br J Surg 80:508–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bartram CI, Frudinger A (1997) Handbook of Anal Endosonography. Wrightson Biomedical Publishing, UK

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Nicholls JR, Bartram CI (1994) Endosonography of the anal sphincters: normal anatomy and comparison with manometry. Clin Radiol 49:368–374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sultan AH, Loder PB, Bartram CI, Kamm MA, Hudson CN (1994) Vaginal endosonography new approach to image the undisturbed anal sphincter. Dis Colon Rectum 37:1296–1299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sandridge DA, Thorp JM Jr (1995) Vaginal endosonography in the assessment of the anorectum. Obstet Gynecol 86:1007–1009

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Alexander AR, Liu J, Menton DA, Nagle DA (1996) Fecal incontinence: transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of anatomic causes. Radiology 199:529–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Frudinger A, Bartram CI, Kamm MA (1997) Transvaginal versus anal endosonography for detecting damage to the anal sphincter. Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 168:1435–1438

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Stewart L, Wilson SR (1999) Transvaginal sonography of the anal sphincter: reliable or not? Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 173:179–185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Frudinger A, Zbar AP (2005) Transvaginal endosonography in the assessment of the anorectal sphincter. In: Wexner SD, Zbar AP, Pescatori M (eds) Complex Anorectal Disorders: Investigationand Management. Springer-Verlag, London, pp 258–262

    Google Scholar 

  12. Burnett SJ, Bartram CI (1991) Endosonographic variations in the normal internal anal sphincter. Int J Colorect Dis 6:2–4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sangwan YP, Rosen L, Riether RD, Stasik JJ, Sheets JA, Khubchandani IT (1994) Is simple fistula-in-ano simple? Dis Colon Rectum 37:885–889

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zbar AP, deSouza NM (1999) Prospective comparison of endosonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in anorectal fistula and abscess complicating Crohn’s disease. Br J Surg 86:1093–1094

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Abbasakoor F, Nelson M, Beynon J, Patel B, Carr ND (1998) Anal endosonography in patients with anorectal symptoms after hemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 85:1522–1524

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Stoker J, Rociu, Schouten WR, Lameris JS (2002) Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas: endoluminal sonography versus endoluminal MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 178:737–741

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI (1993) Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 329:1905–1911

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bollard RC, Gardiner A, Lindow S, Phillips RKS, Duthie GS (2002) Normal female anal sphincter: difficulties in interpretation explained. Dis Colon Rectum 45:171–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Deen KI, Kumar D, Willaims JG, Oluff J, Keighley MR (1993) Anal sphincter defects: correlation between endoanal ultrasound and surgery. Ann Surg 218:201–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hill J, Hosker G, Kiff ES (2002) Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency measurements: what they do and do not tell us. Br J Surg 89:1268–1269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Leroi AM, Kamm MA, Weber J, Denis P, Hawley PR (1997) Internal anal sphincter repair. Int J Colorectal Dis 12:243–245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gold DM, Bartram CI, Halligan S, Humphries KN, Kamm MA, Kmiot WA (1999) 3-D endoanal sonography in assessing anal canal injury. Br J Surg 86:365–370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Briel JW, Stoker J, Rociu E, Laméris JS, Hop WC, Schouten WR (1999) External anal sphincter atrophy on endoanal magnetic resonance imaging adversely affects continence after sphincteroplasty. Br J Surg 86:1322–1327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Meyer A, Hohfeld P, Actari C, Russolo A, De Grandi P (2000) Birth trauma: short and long term effects of forceps delivery compared with spontaneous delivery on various pelvic floor parameters. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 107:1360–1365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Donnelly V, Fynes M, Campbell D, Johnson H, O’Connell R, O’Herlihy C (1998) Obstetric events leading to anal sphincter damage. Obstet Gynecol 92:955–961

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Samuelsson RJ, Ladifos L, Wennerholm UB, Gareberg B, Nyberg K, Hagberg H (2000) Anal sphincter tears: prospective study of obstetric risk factors. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 107:926–931

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Faltin DL, Boulvain M, Trion O, Bretones S, Stan C, Weil A (2000) Diagnosis of anal sphincter tears by postpartum endosonography to predict fecal incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 95:643–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Burnett SJ, Spence-Jones C, Speakman CT, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI (1991) Unsuspected sphincter damage following childbirth revealed by anal endosonography. Br J Radiol 64:225–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Starck M, Bohe M, Valentin L (2003) Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2–7 days after primary repair of 3rd or 4th degree obstetric sphincter tears. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 22:609–615

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Vaizey CJ, Kamm MA (2005) Injectable bulking agents for treating faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 92:521–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Davis K, Kumar D, Poloniecki J (2003) Preliminary evaluation of an injectal sphincter bulking agent (durasphere) in the management of faecal incontinence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18:237–243

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kenefick NJ, Vaizey CJ, Malouf AJ, Norton CS, Marshall M, Kamm MA (2002) Injectable silicone biomaterial for faecal incontinenc due to internal anal sphincter dysfunction. Gut 51:225–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kumar D, Benson MJ, Bland JE (1998) Glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen in the treatment of faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 85:978–979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Shafik A (1995) Perianal injection of autologous fat for treatment of sphincteric incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 38:583–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Spencer JA, Ward J, Beckingham IJ, Adams C, Ambrose NS (1996) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of perianal fistulas. Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 167:735–741

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Stoker J, Hussain SM, van Kempen D, Elevelt AJ, Laméris JS (1996) Endoanal coil MR imaging of anal fistulas. Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 166:360–362

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Zbar AP, deSouza NM, Puni R, Kmiot WA (1998) Comparison of endoanal magnetic resonance imaging with surgical findings in perirectal sepsis. Br J Surg 85:111–114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Felt-Bersma RJ, van Baren R, Koorevaar M, Strijers RL, Cuesta MA (1995) Unsuspected sphincter defects shown by anal endosonography after anorectal surgery. A prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 38:249–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dodi G, Pietroletti R, Milito G, Binda G, Pescatori M (2003) Bleeding, incontinence, pain and constipation after STARR transanal double stapling rectotomy for obstructed defecation. Tech Coloproctol 7:148–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Abbasakoor F, Neslon M, Beynon J, Patel B, Carr ND (1998) Anal endosonography in patients with anorectal symptoms after hemorrhoidectomy. Br J Surg 85:1522–1524

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Zbar AP, Beer-Gabel M, Chiappa AC, Aslam M (2001) Fecal incontinence after minor anorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 44:1610–1623

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cheetham MJ, Mortensen NJ, Nystrom PO, Kamm MA, Phillips RKS (2000) Persistent pain and faecal urgency after stapled hemorrhoidectomy. Lancet 26:730–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Cruiskshank SH (1991) Sacrospinous fixation-should this be performed at the time of vaginal hysterectomy? Am J Obstet Gynecol 164:1072–1076

    Google Scholar 

  44. Backer MH (1992) Success with sacrospinous suspension of the prolapsed vaginal vault. Surg Gynecol Obstet 175:419–420

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. McCall ML (1997) Posterior culdoplasty: surgical correction of enterocele during vaginal hysterectomy. A preliminary report. Obstet Gynecol 10:596–602

    Google Scholar 

  46. Lieneman A, Anthuber C, Baron A, Resier M (2000) Diagnosing enteroc’eles using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Dis Colon Rectum 43:205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Beer-Gabel M, Teshler M, Schechtman E, Zbar AP (2004) Dynamic transperineal ultrasound versus defecography in patients with evacuatory difficulty: a pilot study. Int J Colorectal Dis 19:60–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Sitzler PJ, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, McKee RF (1999) Long-term clinical outcome of surgery for solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Br J Surg 85:1246–1250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Kang YS, Kamm MA, Engel AF, Talbot IC (1996) Pathology of the rectal wall in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and complete rectal prolapse. Gut 38:587–590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pescatori M, Quondamcarlo C (1999) A new grading of rectal internal mucosal prolapse and its correlation with diagnosis and treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis 14:245–249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Pescatori M, Favetta U, Dedola S, Orsini S (1997) Transanal stapled excision of rectal mucosal prolapse. Tech Coloproctol 1:96–98

    Google Scholar 

  52. Pescatori M, Boffi F, Russo A, Zbar AP (2005) Complications and recurrence after excision of rectal internal mucosal prolapse for obstructed defecation. Int J Colorectal Dis 7:107–108

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jones PN, Lubowski DZ, Swash M, Henry MM (1987) Is paradoxical contraction of the puborectalis muscle of functional importance? Dis Colon Rectum 30:667–670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Fleshman JW, Dreznik Z, Cohen E, Fry RD, Kodner IJ (1992) Balloon expulsion test facilitates diagnosis of pelvic floor outlet obstruction due to nonrelaxing puborectalis muscle. Dis Colon Rectum 35:1019–1025

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Ger GC, Wexner SD, Jorge JM, Salanga VD (1993) Anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of paradoxical puborectalis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 36:816–825

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jorge JM, Wexner SD, Ger GC, Salanga VD, Nogueras JJ, Jagelman DG (1993) Cinedefecography and electromyography in the diagnosis of nonrelaxing puborectalis syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum 36:668–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Nehra V, Bruce BK, Rath-Harvey DM, Pemberton JH, Camilleri M (2000) Psychological disorders in patients with evacuation disorders and constipation in a tertiary practice. Am J Gastroenterol 95:1755–1758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kraft R (1962) Duplication anomalies of the rectum. Ann Surg 155:230–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Alavanja G, Kaderabek DJ, Habegger ED (1995) Rectal duplication in an adult. Am Surg 61:997–1000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Flint R, Strang J, Bissett I, Clark M, Neill M, Parry B (2004) Rectal duplication cyst presenting as perianal sepsis: report of two cases and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 47:2208–2210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. deSouza NM, Ward HC, Willaims AD, Battin M, Harris DNF, McIver DK (1999) Transanal MR imaging after repair of anorectal anomalies in children: appearances in pullthrough vs. Posterior sagittal reconstructions. Am J Roentgenol (AJR) 173:723–728

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, Bartram CI (1994) Prospective study of the extent of lateral anal sphincterotomy division during lateral sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 37:1031–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Nyam DC, Pemberton JH (1999) Long-term results of lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to incidence of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 42:1306–1320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zbar AP, Aslam M, Allgar V (2000) Faecal incontinence after internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol 4:25–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Zbar AP, Kmiot WA, Aslam M, Williams A, Hider A, Audisio RA, Chiappa AC, deSouza NM (1999) Use of vector volume manometry and endoanal magnetic resonance imaging in the adult female for assessment of anal sphincter dysfunction. Dis Colon Rectum 42:1411–1418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Pescatori M, Maria G, Anastasio G (1991) “Spasm related” internal sphincterotomy in treatment of anal fissure. A randomized prospective study. Coloproctology 1:20–22

    Google Scholar 

  67. Renzi A, Brusciano L, Pescatori M et al (2005) Pneumatic balloon dilatation for chronic anal fissure. A prospective clinical endosonographic and manometric trial. Dis Colon Rectum 47:1846–1851

    Google Scholar 

  68. Leroi AM, Bernier C, Watier A (1995) Prevalence of sexual abuse among patients with functional disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Int J Colorectal Dis 10:200–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Renzi C, Pescatori M (2000) Psychologic aspects in proctalgia. Dis Colon Rectum 43:535–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Russo A, Pescatori M (2005) Psychological assessment of patients with proctological disorders. In: Wexner SD, Zbar AP, Pescatori M (eds). Complex Anorectal Disorders: Investigation and Management. Springer-Verlag, London, pp 747–760

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Villa Flaminia Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Stella Ayabaca & Maria Spyrou

  2. Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Paola De Nardi

Authors
  1. Mario Pescatori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stella Ayabaca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria Spyrou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paola De Nardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Villa Flaminia Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Mario Pescatori

  2. School of Clinical Medicine and Research, The University of West Indies, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados

    Andrew P. Zbar

  3. St. Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK

    Clive I. Bartram

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pescatori, M., Ayabaca, S., Spyrou, M., De Nardi, P. (2006). Clinical Use of Two-Dimensional Endoanal and Transvaginal Sonography. In: Pescatori, M., Zbar, A.P., Bartram, C.I. (eds) Clinical Ultrasound in Benign Proctology. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0367-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0367-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0366-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0367-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation