Abstract
Tannery effluent is a serious environmental threat due to its high chemical levels which include salinity, organic load (chemical oxygen load or demand, biological oxygen demand), inorganic matter, dissolved and suspended solids, ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, sulfide, chromium, chloride, sodium and other salt residues, heavy metals, etc. These components present in the effluent affect agriculture, human beings and livestock. Exposure to chromium and other pollutants in tannery effluent increases the risk of dermatitis, ulcer, nasal septum perforation and lung cancer. The environmental protection regulations stipulate that industries are not allowed to emit sulfide and chromium in the wastewater. Thus, removal of these high-strength toxic chemicals from the wastewater is very important. Treatment of tannery wastewater is carried out by physical, chemical, biological, or combination of these methods. Biological treatment of wastewater is more favorable and cost effective as compared to other physiochemical methods. A number of bioremediation strategies have been reported in the recent past showing their potential in the treatment of tannery effluent. The present review summarizes the recent advances in bioremediation of tannery effluent.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abskharon RN, Gad El-Rab SM, Hassan SH, Shoreit AA. (2009) Reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium by E. coli. J Biotechnol Biochem 4(2):98–103
Aguilar JRP, Cabriales JJP, Vega MM (2008) Identification and characterization of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in an artificial wetland that treats wastewater from a tannery. Int J Theor Phys 10:359–370
Ahamed LN, Basker S, Rengaswamy G (1977) Pollution effects on tannery waste – two case studies. Leather Sci 24:416–422
Apparao BV, Karthikeyan G (1990) Pollution due to tanneries ol’ Dindigul. Gandhigram Rural Institute-Gandhigram, Dindigul, pp 19–24
Bachate SP, Nandre VS, Ghatpande NS et al (2013) Simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of as(III) by Bacillus firmus TE7 isolated from tannery effluent. Chemosphere 90:2273–2278
Balasubramanian S, Pugalenthi V (2000) A comparative study of the determination of sulphide in tannery waste water by ion selective electrode (ISE) and iodometry. Water Res 34(17):4201–4206
Banerjea S, Motwani MP (1960) Some observations on pollution of suvaon stream by the effluents of sugar factory Balrampur. (IIP). Indian J Fish 7(1):102–128
Banu JR, Kaliappan S, Yeom IT (2007) Treatment of domestic wastewater using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Int J Environ Sci Technol 4(3):363–370
Baskaran TR (1977) Treatment and disposal of tannery effluent. Leather sci 24:232–238
Benazir JF, Suganthi R, Rajvel D (2010) Bioremediation of chromium in tannery effluent by microbial consortia. Afr J Biotechnol 9(21):3140–3143
Bhat TK, Singh B, Sharma OP (1998) Microbial degradation of tannins – a current perspective. Biodegradation 9:343–357
Bose SM (1994) Waste recycling and pollution control. Indian J Environ Prot 9:63–68
Bosnic M, Bhuljan J, Daniel RP (2000) Pollutants in tannery effluents. Regional programme for pollution control in the tanning industry in South-East Asia (UNIDO)
Brenner K, You L, Arnold FH (2008) Engineering microbial consortia: a new frontier in synthetic biology. Trends Biotechnol 26(9):483–489
Cardenas-Manriquez M, Conde-Barajas E, Rico-MartÃnez R (2007) Analyzing microbial consortia for biotechnological processes design
Chauhan VS, Kumar S (1997) Quantitative changes in proteins and nucleic acids in Allium cepa roots grown in tannery effluents. J Environ Pollut 4(1):49–51
Chen J, Tang YQ, Wu XL (2012) Bacterial community shift in two sectors of a tannery plant and its Cr (VI) removing potential. Geomicrobiol J 29(3):226–235
Chowdhury SP, Khanna S, Verma SC et al (2004) Molecular diversity of tannic acid degrading bacteria isolated from tannery soil. J Appl Microbiol 97:1210–1219
Covarrubias C, GarcÚa R, Yanez J, Arriagada R. (2008) Preparation of CPB-modified FAU zeolite for the removal of tannery wastewater contaminants. J Porous Mater 15(4):491–498
Dara SS (1990) Environmental chemistry and pollution control. S.Chands and Co, New Delhi
De AK (1990) Environmental chemistry and pollution control. Wile ‘Eastern Ltd., New Delhi
Diepeningen AD, Debets AJM, Varga J et al (2004) Efficient degradation of tannic acid by black Aspergillus species. Mycol Res 108:919–925
Dikshit VP, Shukla NP (1989) Waste recycling and pollution control in Indian tanneries. Indian J Environ Prot 9:63–68
Durai G, Rajasimman M (2011) Biological treatment of tannery waste water- a review. J Environ Sci Technol 4(1):1–17
El-Sheikh MA, Saleh HI, Flora JR et al (2011) Biological tannery wastewater treatment using two stage UASB reactors. Desalination 276:253–259
Esmaeili A, Mesdaghi A, Vazirinejad R (2005) Chromium (III) removal and recovery from tannery wastewater by precipitation process. Am J Appl Sci 2(10):1471–1473
Eye JD, Liu L (1971) Treatment of wastes from a sole leather tannery. J Water Pollut Control Fed:2291–2303
Fabbricino M, Gallo R (2010) Chromium removal from tannery wastewater using ground shrimp shells. Desalin Water Treat 23:194–198
Fadali OA, Magdy YH, Daifullah AA et al (2004) Removal of chromium from tannery effluents by adsorption. J Environ Sci Helth Part A 39(2):465–472
Fang D, Jin CJ, Zhou LX (2007) Removal of Cr from tannery sludge by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. J Environ Sci Health Part A 42:2065–2069
Farabegoli G, Carucci A, Majone M et al (2004) Biological treatment of tannery wastewater in the presence of chromium. J Environ Manag 71:345–349
Farag S, Zaki S (2010) Identification of bacterial strains from tannery effluent and reduction of hexavalent chromium. J Environ Biol 31(5):877–882
Ganesh R, Balaji G, Ramanujam RA (2006) Biodegradation of tannery wastewater using sequencing batch reactor—Respirometric assessment. Bioresour Technol 97:1815–1821
Garg SK, Tripathi M, Srinath T (2012) Strategies for chromium bioremediation of tannery effluent. In: Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology, vol 217. Springer, New York, pp 75–140
Genschow E, Hegemann W, Maschke C (1996) Biological sulphate removal from tannery wastewater in a two stage anaerobic treatment. Water Res 30(9):2072–2078
Goel G, Kumar A, Beniwal V et al (2011) Degradation of tannic acid and purification and characterization of tannase from Enterococcus faecalis. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:1061–1065
Goltara A, Martinez J, Mendez R (2003) Carbon and nitrogen removal from tannery wastewater with a membrane bioreactor. Nutr Removal Recovery 48(1):207–214
Goumghar MD, Dreyfuss G, Cabaret J et al (2005) Yeasts recovered in tannery wastes: candidates for decontamination? Urban Water J 2(1):59–63
Haroun M, Idris A, Omer SR (2007) A study of heavy metals and their fate in the composting of tannery sludge. Waste Manag 27:1541–1550
Hasegawa MC, Barbosa A, Takashima K (2011) Biotreatment of industrial tannery wastewater using Botryosphaeria rhodina. J Serb Chem Soc 76:1–8
Hernandez MC, Esquivel JC, Lara F (2005) Isolation and evaluation of tannin-degrading fungal strains from the Mexican Desert. Z Naturforsch C Biosci 60:844–848
Hussain M (1976) Preliminary observations on pollution of lake Hussain Sagar caused by industrial effluents. Indian J Environ Health 18(3):227–232
Iaconi CD, Lopez A, Ramadori R (2002) Combined chemical and biological degradation of tannery wastewater by a periodic submerged filter (SBBR). Water Res 36:2205–2214
Ilori MO, Adebusoye SA, Amund O et al (2007) A study of tannic acid degradation by soil bacteria. Pak J Biol Sci 10(18):3224–3227
Jadhav U, Kadu S, Thokal S (2011) Degradation of tannic acid by cold-adapted Klebsiella sp NACASA1 and phytotoxicity assessment of tannic acid and its degradation products. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:1129–1138
Ji-min S, Xue-yan L, Zhong-lin C et al (2008) Degradation of macromolecular tannic acid by O3/H2O2. Water Sci Technol 57(12):2043–2050
Jong T, Parry DL (2003) Removal of sulfate and heavy metals by sulfate reducing bacteria in short-term bench scale upflow anaerobic packed bed reactor runs. Water Res 37(14):3379–3389
Kabir G, Ogbeide SE (2009) Removal of chromate in trace concentration using ion exchange from tannery wastewater. Int J Environ Res 2(4)
Kieu HTQ, Müller E, Horn H (2011) Heavy metal removal in anaerobic semi continuous stirred tank reactors by a consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Water Res 45:3863–3870
Lefebvre O, Vasudevan N, Torrijos M et al (2006) Anaerobic digestions of tannery soak liquor with an aerobic post-treatment. Water Res 40:1492–1500
Low KS, Lee CK, Tan SG (1997) Sorption of trivalent chromium from tannery waste by Moss. Environ Technol 18:449–454
Mahadevan A, Muthukumar G (1980) Aquatic microbiology with reference to tannin degradation. Hydrobiologia 72(1–2):73–79
Mannucci A, Munz G, Mori G et al (2010) Anaerobic treatment of vegetable tannery wastewaters: a review. Desalination 264:1–8
Masood F, Malik A (2011) Hexavalent chromium reduction by bacillus sp. strain FM1 isolated from heavy-metal contaminated soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86(1):114–119
McCauley CA, O'Sullivan AD, Milke MW et al (2009) Sulfate and metal removal in bioreactors treating acid mine drainage dominated with iron and aluminum. Water Res 43(4):961–970
Midha V, Dey A (2008) Biological treatment of tannery wastewater for sludge removal. Int J Chem Sci 6(2):472–486
Mohan V, Devi KS (2015) Diversity status of beneficial microorganisms in heavy metal polluted tannery effluent treatment area in Dindugal, Tamil Nadu. J Acad Ind Res 4(1):1
Mullick U (2012) Simultaneous removal of sulphate and chromium from tannery waste using microbes. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Murugan K, Al-Sohaibani SA (2010) Biocompatible removal of tannin and associated color from tannery effluent using the biomass and tannin acyl hydrolase (E.C.3.1.1.20) enzymes of mango industry solid waste isolated Aspergillus candidus MTCC 9628. Res J Microbiol 5(4):262–271
Murugananthan M, Raju GB, Prabhakar S (2004) Separation of pollutants from tannery effluents by electro flotation. Sep Purif Technol 40(1):69–75
Mwinyihija M, (2010) Ecotoxicological diagnosis in the tanning industry, vol 17. Springer Science Business Media, LLC. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6266-9_2
Mythili K, Karthikeyan B (2011) Bioremediation of chromium [Cr (VI)] in tannery effluent using Bacillus sp and Staphylococcus sp. Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2(5):1460–1463
Nadaf NH, Ghosh JS (2011) Production, purification and characterization of tannase from Rhodococcus NCIM 2891. Curr Res J Biol Sci 3(3):246–253
Nakatani AS, Martines AM, Nogueira MA et al (2011) Changes in the genetic structure of bacteria and microbial activity in an agricultural soil amended with tannery sludge. Soil Biol Biochem 43(1):106–114
Nitiema LW, Dianou D, Simpore J (2010) Isolation of a tannic acid-degrading Streptococcus sp. from an anaerobic shea cake digester. Pak J Biol Sci 13(1):46–50
Ockerman HW, Hansen CL (1988) Glue and gelatin. Animal by-product processing. pp 133–157.
Onyancha D, Mavura W, Nagila JC (2008) Studies of chromium removal from tannery wastewaters by algae biosorbents, Spirogyra condensata and Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum. J Hazard Mater 158:605–614
Panda G, Sarkar P (2012) Bioremediation of chromium by novel strains Enterobacter aerogenes T2 and Acinetobacter sp. PD 12 S2. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19:1809–1817
Panizza M, Cerisola G (2004) Electrochemical oxidation as a final treatment of synthetic tannery wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 38(20):5470–5475
Paul Bhaskar J (1992) Devastation of leather tanneries in Tamilnadu. Development in practice. Oxford J 2(2):274
Pepi M, Lampariello LR, Altieri R (2010) Tannic acid degradation by bacterial strains Serratia sp. and Pantoea sp. isolated from olive mill waste mixtures. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 64(1):73–80
Pillai P, Archana G (2012) A novel process for biodegradation and effective utilization of chrome shavings, a solid waste generated in tanneries, using chromium resistant Bacillus subtilis P13. Process Biochem 47:2116–2122
Poornima K, Karthik L, Swadhini SP et al (2010) Degradation of chromium by using a novel strains of Pseudomonas species. J Microb Biochem Technol 2(4):095–099
Poulopoulou VG, Katakis D, Vrachnou E (1998) A method for the removal of chromium from tanned leather wastes. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 48(9):846–852
Rajagopalan R, Davies NH (1967) Tannery water used for agricultural purposes. Indian J Environ Protect 16:154–157
Rajalo G, Petrovskaya T (1996) Selective electrochemical oxidation of sulphides in tannery wastewater. Environ Technol 17:605–612
Rao GM, Kumar NV (1983) Impact of tannery effluents on seed germination in Cicer arientum. Poll Res J 2:33
Rao S, Mariappan S (1972) Characteristics and disposal of tannery waste. Proc Symp Environ Biol 47:132–139
Reynolds V, Varger K (1995) Nitrate in ground waters of the central valley. Indian J Environ Prot 9:19–21
Samanta S, Giri S, Parua S et al (2004) Impact of tannic acid on the gastrointestinal microflora. Microb Ecol Health Dis 16(1):32–34
Samrithi A, Usha K (2012) Isolation and characterization of chromium removing bacteria from tannery effluent disposal site. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res 3(3):644–652
Santosa SJ, Siswanta D, Sudiono S, Utarianingrum R (2008) Chitin-humic acid hybrid as adsorbent for Cr (III) in effluent of tannery wastewater treatment. Appl Surf Sci 254(23):7846–7850
Sastry CA, Prasad DGS (1990) Sources effects and treatment of wastewater from tanneries. In: Proceedings of symposium on tannery wastes. CLR1, Madras, pp 241
Sau G, Chatterjee SW, Sinha S et al (2008) Isolation and characterization of a Cr (VI) reducing Bacillus Firmus strain from industrial effluents. Pol J Microbiol 57(4):327–332
Selvi AT, Anjugam E, Devi RA (2012) Isolation and characterization of bacteria from tannery effluent treatment plant and their tolerance to heavy metals and antibiotics. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 3(1):34–41
Şengil IA, Kulaç S, Özacar M (2009) Treatment of tannery liming drum wastewater by electrocoagulation. J hazard mater 167(1):940–946
Sharma S, Adholeya A (2011) Detoxification and accumulation of chromium from tannery effluent and spent chrome effluent by Paecilomyces lilacinus fungi. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:309–317
Shugaba A, Wuyep PA, Nok AJ (2010) Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium and tannic acid in synthetic tannery wastewater using free and calcium alginate–immobilized spores and mycelia of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus. Biom J 14(3):142–149
Silva IS, Menezes CRD, Franciscon E, Santos EDCD, Durrant LR (2010) Degradation of lignosulfonic and tannic acids by ligninolytic soil fungi cultivated under icroaerobic conditions. Braz Arch Biol Technol 53(3):693–699
Singanan M, Abebaw A, Singanan V (2007) Studies on the removal of hexavalent chromium from industrial wastewater by using biomaterials. EJEAF Che 6(11):2557–2564
Sivaprakasam S, Mahadevan S, Sekar S et al (2008) Biological treatment of tannery wastewater by using salt-tolerant bacterial strains. Microb Cell Factories 7(1):15
Song Z, Williams CJ, Edyvean RJ (2000) Sedimentation of tannery wastewater. Water Res 34:2171–2176
Song Z, Williams CJ, Edyvean RGJ (2004) Tannery wastewater treatment using an upflow anaerobic fixed biofilm reactor (UAFBR). Environ Eng Sci 20(6):587–599
Srivastava A, Pathak AN (1997) Status report on tannery wastes with special reference to tanneries at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. J Sci Ind Res 56(8):453–459
Srivastava S, Thakur IS (2012) Biosorption and biotransformation of chromium by Serratia sp. isolated from tannery effluent. Environ Technol 33(1):113–122
Srivastava S, Ahmad AH, Thakur IS (2007) Removal of chromium and pentachlorophenol from tannery effluents. Bioresour Technol 98:1128–1132
Subramani T, Haribalaji D (2012) Biodegradation of tannery effluent and designing the reactor for clarifier and activated sludge process. Int J Mod Eng Res 2(3):774–781
Szpyrkowicz L, Kaul SN, Neti RN (2005) Tannery wastewater treatment by electro-oxidation coupled with a biological process. J Appl Electrochem 35(4):381–390
Tadesse I, Isoaho SA, Green FB et al (2006) Lime enhanced chromium removal in advanced integrated wastewater pond system. Bioresour Technol 97(4):529–534
Thabaraj GJ, Bose SM, Nayudamma Y (1964) Utilization of tannery effluents for agricultural purposes. Environ Health India 6:18–36
Tiglyene S, Jaouad A, Mandi L (2008) Treatment of tannery wastewater by infiltration percolation: chromium removal and speciation in soil. Environ Technol 29(6):613–624
Tiravanti G, Petruzzelli D, Passino R (1997) Pretreatment of tannery wastewaters by an ion exchange process for Cr (III) removal and recovery. Water Sci Technol 36(2):197–207
Trivedi PR, Raj G (1992) Pollution control, treatment and disposal of tannery wastes, vol IV. Akashdeep publishing House, New Delhi, pp 911–964
Varadharajan ST, Govinda Iyer A, Gopalsamy A et al (1970) Influence of tannery effluents on soils and crops and disposal of effluents. Madras Agric J 52:353–360
Verma SR, Tyagi AK, Dalela RC (1977) Studies on the characteristics and disposal problems of industrial effluents with reference to ISI standards:(Part II), pp 165–175
Wang YS, Pan ZY, Lang JM (2007) Bioleaching of chromium from tannery sludge by indigenous Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. J Hazard Mater 147:319–324
Zupancic GD, Jemec A (2010) Anaerobic digestion of tannery waste: semi-continuous and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor processes. Bioresour Technol 101:26–33
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chaudhary, P., Chhokar, V., Kumar, A., Beniwal, V. (2017). Bioremediation of Tannery Wastewater. In: Kumar, R., Sharma, A., Ahluwalia, S. (eds) Advances in Environmental Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4041-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4041-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4040-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4041-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)