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Phytoremediation: A Biotechnological Intervention

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Applied Environmental Biotechnology: Present Scenario and Future Trends

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Abstract

Phytoremediation, a growing sector of bioremediation, exploits the natural ability of a large variety of plants to filter chemicals through their root systems and to aerate the soil, allowing different microorganisms to grow. Phytoremediation has many advantages over other existing technologies in terms of safe and nondisturbing natural surroundings of contaminated sites. The modification in technology leads to different methods of phytoremediation, including phytotransformation, rhizoremediation, phytostabilization, phytoextraction and rhizofiltration. The application of a selected method depends on the nature and site of contaminant. To understand the mechanism of hyperaccumulation, various studies have been conducted on model (Arabidopsis thaliana) and commonly grown plants such as Populus, Brassica, Hydrilla etc. in phytoremediation. Further, based on mechanism and identified genes such as those involved in uptake, sequestration, remobilization and homeostasis, transgenic plants were designed and used efficiently to remove heavy metals and organic chemicals from the soil. However, further efforts are required for advancements in efficiency and robustness of transgenic plants and to popularize the phytoremediation technology on a commercial scale.

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Acknowledgement

We thank the Akal School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib and Department of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, Jyoti Vidyapeeth Women University for providing needful resources leading to completion of chapter in present form.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Akal School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India

    Dharmendra Singh

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, Jyoti Vidyapeeth Women University, 303007, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Pritesh Vyas

  3. Division of Life Sciences, S. G. R. R. I. T. S., Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India

    Shweta Sahni

  4. Department of Biochemistry, C. C. S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

    Punesh Sangwan

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  1. Dharmendra Singh
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Correspondence to Dharmendra Singh .

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  1. Department of Environmental Science,, School of Earth science, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Garima Kaushik

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Singh, D., Vyas, P., Sahni, S., Sangwan, P. (2015). Phytoremediation: A Biotechnological Intervention. In: Kaushik, G. (eds) Applied Environmental Biotechnology: Present Scenario and Future Trends. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2123-4_5

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