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Glycomic Analysis of Cancer

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Abstract

Remarkable alterations in oligosaccharide structures are associated with many human diseases, including cancers. Numerous clinicopathological and biochemical studies have suggested the involvement of aberrant glycosylation in cancer malignancy, such as metastasis and invasion. Furthermore, altered carbohydrate determinants, including tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens such as SLea (CA19-9), have been utilized as useful tumor markers for the diagnosis of cancer. Cancer glycomic analysis (i.e., precise and comprehensive analysis of altered oligosaccharides in cancer tissues and sera) is a widely used tool for (1) investigating the involvement of glycosylation in cancer malignancy and (2) discovering novel carbohydrate tumor marker candidates. Comprehensive clinico-glycomic studies of glycosphingolipids of colorectal cancers have revealed specific alterations related to malignant transformation, as well as characteristic alterations associated with clinical features. Glycomic analyses of colorectal cancers and pancreatic cancers revealed the presence of two kinds of novel fucogangliosides, sialylated type1H (Lewis-negative specific antigen) and sialylated type2H, both of which are isomers of sialyl Lex and sialyl Lea. The accumulation of free oligosaccharides in human cancers has been elucidated. Free Neu5Ac-containing complex-type N-glycans accumulated in pancreatic cancers. In addition to these free oligosaccharides, free KDN-containing complex-type N-glycans accumulated in prostate cancers. N-linked and O-linked glycans have also been targets for cancer glycomics. In particular, extensive studies of serum glycomic analyses have been performed to find novel glycan cancer biomarker utilizing newly developed high-throughput platform technologies. It is anticipated that these cancer glycomic studies will lead to the discovery of glycan biomarker or therapy targets for cancers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan

    Yasuhide Miyamoto

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  1. Yasuhide Miyamoto
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Correspondence to Yasuhide Miyamoto .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Tadashi Suzuki

  2. Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Kazuaki Ohtsubo

  3. Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama, Japan

    Naoyuki Taniguchi

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© 2015 Springer Japan

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Miyamoto, Y. (2015). Glycomic Analysis of Cancer. In: Suzuki, T., Ohtsubo, K., Taniguchi, N. (eds) Sugar Chains. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55381-6_12

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