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Transgenic Plants and Antioxidative Defense: Present and Future?

  • Chapter
Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress

Abstract

Environmental stresses considerably limit plant growth, distribution, and productivity. Biological systems generate a range of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide (O2 •−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), during the course of normal metabolic reactions. If it is not effectively and rapidly removed, ROS damages a wide range of macromolecules, ultimately leading to cell death. ROS are also generated in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Cells have evolved both enzymatic and nonenzymatic defense mechanisms to protect cells from lethal effects of free radicals. ROS-scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) that play a crucial role in regulating ROS accumulation in cells. Transgenic plants expressing specific gene candidates have been proven to increase the tolerance to environmental stresses significantly. In recent years, several efforts have been made to improve the oxidative stress tolerance in plants by over-expressing plant or bacterial genes coding either for ROS-scavenging enzymes or for enzymes modulating the cellular antioxidant capacity. In this chapter, we have discussed some of the significant reports on transgenic plants with altered antioxidant capacity mainly focusing on the new insight into the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Finally, future focus of transgenic research to combat oxidative stress has been briefed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK post, Bangalore, 560065, Karnataka, India

    Sarma Rajeevkumar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

    Hema Jagadeesan

  3. Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India

    Sathishkumar Ramalingam

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  1. Sarma Rajeevkumar
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  2. Hema Jagadeesan
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  3. Sathishkumar Ramalingam
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Correspondence to Sathishkumar Ramalingam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Radio. und Strahl. (IRS), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Uni. Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Dharmendra K. Gupta

  2. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain

    José M. Palma

  3. CSIC, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Corpas

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Rajeevkumar, S., Jagadeesan, H., Ramalingam, S. (2015). Transgenic Plants and Antioxidative Defense: Present and Future?. In: Gupta, D., Palma, J., Corpas, F. (eds) Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_15

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