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Radiosensitization and Nanoparticles

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Nanotechnology-Based Precision Tools for the Detection and Treatment of Cancer

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 166))

Abstract

Nanomaterials have been shown to have physical and chemical properties that have opened new avenues for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanoconstructs that enhance existing treatments for cancer, such as radiation therapy, are being explored in several different ways. Two general paths toward nanomaterial-enabled radiosensitization have been explored: (1) improving the effectiveness of ionizing radiation and (2) modulating cellular pathways leading to a disturbance of cellular homeostasis, thus rendering the cells more susceptible to radiation-induced damage. A variety of different agents that work via one of these two approaches have been explored, many of which modulate direct and indirect DNA damage (gold), radiosensitivity through hyperthermia (Fe), and different cellular pathways. There have been many in vitro successes with the use of nanomaterials for radiosensitization, but in vivo testing has been less efficacious, predominantly because of difficulty in targeting the nanoparticles. As improved methods for tumor targeting become available, it is anticipated that nanomaterials can become clinically useful radiosensitizers for radiation therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Tarry Building Room 4–713, 300 E Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Tatjana Paunesku, Stanley Gutiontov, Koshonna Brown & Gayle E. Woloschak

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  1. Tatjana Paunesku
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  2. Stanley Gutiontov
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  3. Koshonna Brown
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  4. Gayle E. Woloschak
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Correspondence to Gayle E. Woloschak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Chad A. Mirkin

  2. Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Meade

  3. Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Sarah Hurst Petrosko

  4. Department of Neurology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University Robert H. Lurie Comp. Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Alexander H. Stegh

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Paunesku, T., Gutiontov, S., Brown, K., Woloschak, G.E. (2015). Radiosensitization and Nanoparticles. In: Mirkin, C., Meade, T., Petrosko, S., Stegh, A. (eds) Nanotechnology-Based Precision Tools for the Detection and Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 166. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16555-4_7

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