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Nanomaterials for radiotherapeutics-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy

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Abstract

Over the past decade, numerous studies have attempted to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy) for cancer treatment. However, the low radiation absorption coefficient and radiation resistance of tumors remain major critical challenges for radiotherapy in the clinic. With the development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials in combination with radiotherapy offer the possibility to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy in tumors. Nanomaterials act not only as radiosensitizers to enhance radiation energy, but also as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic units in combating radiation resistance. In this review, we discuss opportunities for a synergistic cancer therapy by combining radiotherapy based on nanomaterials designed for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gas therapy, genetic therapy, and immunotherapy. We highlight how nanomaterials can be utilized to amplify antitumor radiation responses and describe cooperative enhancement interactions among these synergistic therapies. Moreover, the potential challenges and future prospects of radio-based nanomedicine to maximize their synergistic efficiency for cancer treatment are identified.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Post-Doctor Research Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 2018HXBH032) and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2019YFS0109), 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. ZYJC18035), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M663505), and Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Foundation, Sichuan University (No. 0040204153243).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Xi Yang, Ling Gao, Yongjiang Li, Changyang Gong & Cheng Yi

  2. Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China

    Qing Guo

  3. Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yue Ma & Ju Yang

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  1. Xi Yang
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Correspondence to Changyang Gong or Cheng Yi.

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Yang, X., Gao, L., Guo, Q. et al. Nanomaterials for radiotherapeutics-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy. Nano Res. 13, 2579–2594 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2722-z

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