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Improving the Nutritional Value of Potatoes by Conventional Breeding and Genetic Modification

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Quality Breeding in Field Crops

Abstract

As the potato is a major food crop, improving the nutritional value of its tubers will contribute to the United Nations “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, provided potato production is also increased. Realistic targets for conventional breeding are the following: ensuring tuber steroidal glycoalkaloids do not exceed 20 mg 100 g−1 fresh-weight; reducing acrylamide formation in crisps (chips) and French fries below benchmark levels of 750 and 500 μg kg−1, respectively; reducing glycaemic index by increasing the amount of resistant starch; increasing protein quantity and quality; and increasing the concentrations of the minerals iron and zinc and the vitamins B9 and C. Red-fleshed and purple-fleshed potatoes contain anthocyanins which are antioxidants and yellow-fleshed and orange-fleshed ones contain the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin which protect against macular eye degeneration. Genetic variation exists for all of these traits among modern cultivars and Andean landraces; but some traits lack rapid screens for use in breeding, and there are still issues over bioavailability of some nutrients. Genetic engineering can be used to control glycoalkaloid concentrations and acrylamide-forming potential; to increase dietary fibre through the introduction of inulins from globe artichoke; to increase protein quality and quantity by tuber-specific expression of a seed protein, Amaranth Albumin 1, from Amaranthus hypochondriacus; and to alter carotenoid biosynthesis to produce beta-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A (Golden Potatoes), or astaxanthin, a feed additive in aquaculture.

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  1. Retired Plant Breeder and Geneticist, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK

    John E. Bradshaw

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  1. Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biotechnology MRCFC, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Asif M. Iqbal Qureshi

  2. Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biotechnology DARS, Budgam, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Zahoor Ahmad Dar

  3. Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biotechnology MRCFC, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Bradshaw, J.E. (2019). Improving the Nutritional Value of Potatoes by Conventional Breeding and Genetic Modification. In: Qureshi, A., Dar, Z., Wani, S. (eds) Quality Breeding in Field Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04609-5_3

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