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Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approaches in Focal Prostate Cancer Therapy

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Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

Abstract

This chapter reviews the role of Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging in prostate cancer with emphasis on functional imaging techniques and roles in focal therapy. Multiparametric MR imaging sequences applied for prostate cancer imaging include T2-weighted MR, proton MR spectroscopic imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR, and quantitative T2-weighted imaging. These techniques provide information on independent characteristics of normal and cancerous prostate tissue, including normal/abnormal ductal morphology, concentrations of metabolites relevant to prostate cancer, water diffusion rates which are affected by cellularity, blood flow rates and volumes and therefore vascularity, and quantitative morphology, respectively. The information provided by these independent MR imaging methods can be used to determine the presence and location of prostate cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. Prostate MRI can be applied to diagnosing prostate cancer, predicting organ-confined prostate cancer, localization of intra-glandular prostate cancer, and estimation of intra-glandular prostate cancer volume. It has been applied to MR directed transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy, direct MR-guided biopsy, MR-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy, and MR-guided focal therapy. The chapter describes what is known about the potential for combining these imaging techniques to improve selection, guidance, and subsequent monitoring of the effectiveness of focal therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University Hospital, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0761, USA

    Sadhna Verma M.D.

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Barrett Cancer Center, 234 Goodman St ML0757, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA

    Michael A. S. Lamba Ph.D.

  3. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, Byers Hall UCSF MC2512, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA

    Daniel B. Vigneron Ph.D., Adam Jung M.D., Ph.D. & John Kurhanewicz Ph.D.

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  1. Sadhna Verma M.D.
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  2. Michael A. S. Lamba Ph.D.
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  3. Daniel B. Vigneron Ph.D.
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  4. Adam Jung M.D., Ph.D.
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  5. John Kurhanewicz Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Sadhna Verma M.D. .

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  1. , Department of Surgery, Duke Cancer Institute, Room 1089 Duke South, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, USA

    Thomas J. Polascik

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Verma, S., Lamba, M.A.S., Vigneron, D.B., Jung, A., Kurhanewicz, J. (2013). Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approaches in Focal Prostate Cancer Therapy. In: Polascik, T. (eds) Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-182-0_14

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