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Protein Transport into Plastids of Secondarily Evolved Organisms

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Plastid Biology

Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Biology ((AIPB,volume 5))

Abstract

Secondary or complex plastids arose by the engulfment of photosynthetically active eukaryotes by eukaryotic host cells. Co-evolution of the host cell and the endosymbiont led to the establishment of complex plastids, which are surrounded by additional membranes in comparison to chloroplasts from land plants. Plastid proteins, encoded by the genome of the host cell have to be imported from the host cytoplasm into the complex plastid thereby crossing up to four plastid surrounding membranes. This resulted in an increased complexity of targeting signals as well as transport- and sorting machineries. Here we summarize current knowledge about protein transport into different types of complex plastids, indicating that pre-existing mechanisms were often reused and altered to fulfill new requirements.

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Abbreviations

BTS:

Bipartite targeting signal

CASH:

Cryptophytes, alveolates, stramenopiles, and haptophytes

EGT:

Endosymbiotic gene transfer

ER:

Endoplasmatic reticulum

ERAD:

ER-associated degradation

PPC:

Periplastidal compartment

SELMA:

Symbiont-specific ERAD-like machinery

SP:

Signal peptide

TAT:

Twin arginine targeting

TIC:

Translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane

TOC:

Translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane

TP:

Transit peptide

TTDs:

Thylakoid targeting domains

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Cell Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Franziska Hempel, Kathrin Bolte, Stefan Zauner & Uwe-G Maier

  2. LOEWE-Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (Synmikro), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032, Marburg, Germany

    Franziska Hempel, Andreas Klingl & Uwe-G Maier

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  1. Franziska Hempel
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  2. Kathrin Bolte
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  3. Andreas Klingl
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  4. Stefan Zauner
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  5. Uwe-G Maier
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Correspondence to Uwe-G Maier .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, Univeristy of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA

    Steven M. Theg

  2. Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France

    Francis-André Wollman

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Hempel, F., Bolte, K., Klingl, A., Zauner, S., Maier, UG. (2014). Protein Transport into Plastids of Secondarily Evolved Organisms. In: Theg, S., Wollman, FA. (eds) Plastid Biology. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1136-3_11

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