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MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of Kidney Cancer

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MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer

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Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a genetically and histopathologically heterogeneous disorder, is the most lethal of all genitourinary cancers and is generally refractory to current treatment regimens, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Targeted therapies against critical signaling pathways associated with RCC pathogenesis, such as von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), have shown limited efficacy so far. Therefore, there has been much interest in identifying novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, risk assessment, and the design of novel therapeutic interventions for the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be differentially expressed in RCC and play an important role in RCC pathogenesis. Studies have analyzed global miRNA expression profiles and the functional role of specific miRNAs in RCC. Here, we review our current understanding about the role of miRNAs in RCC by summarizing findings from various studies. Several miRNA-profiling studies have been conducted to identify specific miRNA signatures capable of distinguishing tumor from normal tissue, identifying RCC subtypes and the potential use of miRNAs in prognosis. Specific miRNAs have been found to be associated with key signaling pathways implicated in RCC pathogenesis (including pVHL-HIF, VEGF, mTOR signaling). Although current knowledge of the role of miRNAs in RCC pathogenesis is far from complete, key future challenges await in the use of miRNAs as novel biomarkers for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapies for improved clinical management of the disease.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Roger Erickson for his support and assistance with the preparation of the manuscript. The work in Dr. Dahiyas’s lab is supported by Grants RO1CA130860, RO1CA111470, RO1CA138642 from the NIH, VA Program Project, and Merit Review grants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Sharanjot Saini, Sumit Arora, Shahana Majid & Hiroshi Hirata

  2. Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, 4150 Clement Street, 94121, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Rajvir Dahiya Ph.D

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  1. Sharanjot Saini
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Correspondence to Rajvir Dahiya Ph.D .

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  1. National Cancer Institute Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Shree Ram Singh

  2. UMDNJ-NJ Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Pranela Rameshwar

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Saini, S., Arora, S., Majid, S., Hirata, H., Dahiya, R. (2014). MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of Kidney Cancer. In: Singh, S., Rameshwar, P. (eds) MicroRNA in Development and in the Progression of Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8065-6_12

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