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Sound Localization

  • Chapter
Comparative Hearing: Mammals

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 4))

Abstract

The ongoing acoustic ambience of all terrestrial habitats is a reflection of the sum of the biotic sources of sound in the environment (e.g., vocalizations, insect wing noise, and the staccato hammering of woodpeckers) and the non-biotic sources of sound (e.g., wind- and rain-induced vegetation movement and thunder). Different habitats are apt to sound distinctive, and perhaps the initial constraint on the sounds is rendered by the constituents of the soil (Linskens et al. 1976). Soil differences, variations in the topography of the landscape (its contour, elevation, humidity, and temperature), and the way in which wind and water move across the land render each portion of the environment more or less favorable for habitation by particular plant and animal species. Consequently, the distribution and density of both the flora and fauna varies across the land, and, in turn, these variations establish the characteristics of the “acoustic landscape.” In this way, each place in nature comes to have its own special sound (Gish and Morton 1981; Brenowitz 1982; Waser and Brown 1984, 1986; Brown and Waser 1988). Within the constraints imposed by the properties of each acoustic landscape, hearing and communication systems evolved, and for any sound in nature, two fundamental questions are the most critical for perception: where is the source of the sound (sound localization analysis), and what is the source of the sound (auditory image analysis)?

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  1. Charles H. Brown
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Parmly Hearing Institute and Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60626, USA

    Richard R. Fay

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

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Brown, C.H. (1994). Sound Localization. In: Fay, R.R., Popper, A.N. (eds) Comparative Hearing: Mammals. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2700-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2700-7_3

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