Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the Species Status of Spirula spirula (Linné, 1758) (Cephalopoda): A New Approach Based on Divergence of Amino Acid Sequences Between the Canaries and New Caledonia

  • Chapter
Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives

Spirula is one of the most unusual Recent cephalopods, with a unique chambered shell related to an osmotically regulated buoyancy control, a unique photophore at the tip of the mantle, an oegopsid eye, and a greatly reduced radula (Nixon and Young, 2003). The external structure of the early Spirula shell starting from a spherical initial chamber resembles very much that of Ammonoidea, indeed more than that of Belemnoidea (Bandel and Boletzky, 1979; Bandel, 1982). Thus, Spirula is likely to provide interesting insights concerning both biology and paleontology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allcock, A. L., A. S. Bierley, J. P. Thorpe, and P. G. Rodhouse. 1997. Restricted gene flow and evolutionary divergence between geographically separated populations of the Antarctic octopus Pareledone turqueti. Marine Biology 129: 97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allcock, A. L., and S. B. Piertney. 2002. Evolutionary relationships of Southern Ocean Octopodidae (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) and a new diagnosis of Pareledone. Marine Biology 140: 129–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, F. E. 2000. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the loliginid squids (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15: 191–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Augustyn, C. J., and W. S. Grant. 1988. Biochemical and morphological systematics of Loligo vulgaris vulgaris Lamarck and Loligo vulgaris reynaudii D’Orbigny Nov. Comb. (Cephalopoda: Myopsida). Malacologia 29: 214–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandel, K. 1982. Morphologie und Bildung der frühontogenetischen Gehäuse bei conchiferen Mollusken. Facies 7: 1–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandel, K., and S. v. Boletzky. 1979. A comparative study of structure, development and morphological relationships of chambered cephalopod shells. Veliger 21: 313–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barriga Sosa, I. D. L. A., K. Beckenbach, B. Hartwick, and M. J. Smith. 1995. The molecular phylogeny of five eastern north Pacific Octopus species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4: 163–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beebee, T., and G. Rowe. 2004. An Introduction to Molecular Ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnaud, L., R. Boucher-Rodoni, and M. Monnerot. 1994. Phylogeny of decapod cephalopods based on the partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des sciences III 317: 581–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnaud, L., R. Boucher-Rodoni, and M. Monnerot. 1996. Relationship of some coleoid cephalopods established by 3uend of the 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase III gene sequence comparison. American Malacological Bulletin 12: 87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnaud, L., R. Boucher-Rodoni, and M. Monnerot. 1997. Phylogeny of cephalopods inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7: 44–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boucher-Rodoni, R., and L. Bonnaud. 1996. Biochemical and molecular approach to cephalopod phylogeny. American Malacological Bulletin 12: 79–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brierley, A. S., P. G. Rodhouse, J. P. Thorpe, and M. R. Clarke. 1993. Genetic evidence of population heterogeneity and cryptic speciation in the ommastrephid squid Martialia hyadesi from the patagonian shelf and antarctic polar frontal zone. Marine Biology 116: 593–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruun, A. F. 1943. The biology of Spirula spirula (L.). Dana Report. 24: 1–44, 2 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlini D. B., and J. E. Graves. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I sequences to determine higher level relationships within the coleoid cephalopods. Bulletin of Marine Science 64: 57–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlini, D. B., R. E. Young, and M. Vecchione. 2001. A molecular phylogeny of the Octopoda (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) evaluated in light of morphological evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21: 388–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho, G. R., and T. J. Pitcher. 1989. Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d’Orbigny. II. Population structure in Falkland waters using isozymes, morphometrics and life history data. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 126: 243–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapela, M. J., C. G. Sotelo, and R. I. Pérez-Martín. 2003. Molecular identification of cephalopod species by FINS and PCR-RFLP of a cytochrome b fragment. European Food Research and Technology 217: 524–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chun, C. 1915. Die Cephalopoden. 2. Teil; Myopsida, Octopoda. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition “Valdivia” 1898–1899 18: 311–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, M. R. 1966. A review of the systematics and ecology of oceanic squids. Advances in Marine Biology 4: 91–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, M. R. 1970. Growth and development of Spirula spirula. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 50: 53–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dauphin, Y. 1979a. Contribution a l’étude de la formation des gisements de Cephalopodes. I- Les coquilles de spirules (Dibranchiata, Cephalopoda) de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cahiers de l’Indo-Pacifique 1, 2: 165–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dauphin, Y. 1979b. Contribution a l’étude de la formation des gisements de Cephalopodes. II- Les coquilles de spirules (Dibranchiata, Cephalopoda) de l’Ile Maurice (Océan indien). Cahiers de l’Indo-Pacifique 1, 3: 335–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankham, R., J. D. Ballou, and D. A. Briscoe. 2004. A Primer of Conservation Genetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girard, A. A. 1890. Revision des Mollusques du Museum de Lisbonne. 1. Céphalopodes. Journal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes (Series 2) 4: 233–268, 1 pl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herke, S.W., and D. W. Foltz. 2002. Phylogeography of two squid (Loligo pealei and L. plei) in the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology 140: 103–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillis, D. M., and J. P. Huelsenbeck. 1992. Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Heredity 83: 189–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudelot, C. 2002. Molecular techniques and phylogeny of octopods. In P. R. Boyle, M. A. Collins, J. G. Pierce, and J. J. Watson (editors), Cephalopod Biomass and Production. Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 1128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley, T, H., and P. Pelseneer. 1885. Report on the specimen of the genus Spirula Collected by H.M.S. “Challenger”. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger. Zoology 83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katugin, O. N. 1993. Genetic variation in the squid Berryteuthis magiister (Berry 1913) (Oegopsida: Gonatidae). In D. Okutani, R. K. O’Dor, and T. Kubodera (editors), Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology, pp. 201–213. Tokyo: Tokai University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowlton, N., L. A. Weigt, L. A. Solórzano, D. K. Millis, and E. Bermingham. 1993. Divergence in proteins, mitochondrial DNA, and reproductive compatibility across the Isthmus of Panama. Science 260: 1629–1632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knowlton, N. 2000. Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea. Hydrobiologia 420: 73–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kocher, T. D. 1992. PCR, direct sequencing, and the comparative approach. PCR Methods Applications 1: 217–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamarck, J. B. 1801. Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamarck, J. B. 1815–1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, presentant les caractères géneraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s’y raportent. 7 volumes [Volume 7, 1822]. Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamarck, J. B. 1816. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. [Volume 4, pls. 391–488]. Paris: Mme. veuve Agasse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesueur, C. A., and N. M. Petit. 1807. Atlas Historique, 41 pls. In F. Peron (editor), Voyage de découvertes aux terres Australes sur les corvettes le Géographe, le Naturaliste, et la Goëlette le Casuarina, pendant 1800–1804. 2 volumes, atlas and 14 maps, 1807–1816.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linné, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Holmiae.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, J. A., M. Haimovici, and M. Conceicao. 1988. Genetic evidence for two species to the genus Eledone (Cephalopoda: Octopidae) in South Brazil. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 90: 275–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lönnberg, E. 1896. Notes on Spirula reticulata Owen and its phylogeny. In J. M. Hulth (editor), Zoologiska Studier. Festskrift W. Lilljeborg tillegnad pa hans attionde fodelsedag af Svenska Zoologer, pp. 99–119. Uppsala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maltagliati, F., P. Belcari, D. Casu, M. Casu, P. Sartor, G. Vargiu, and A. Castelli. 2002. Allozyme genetic variability and gene flow in Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda, Octopodidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. In P. R. Boyle, M. A. Collins, J. G. Pierce, and J. J. Watson (editors), Cephalopod biomass and production. Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 473–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naef, A. 1923. Die Cephalopoden. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Monographie 35(A): 149–863.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesis, K. N. 1987. Cephalopods of the World. Squids, Cuttlefishes, Octopuses and Allies. Neptune City, NJ: Tropical Fish Hobbyist Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesis, K. N. 1998 Biodiversity and systematics in cephalopods: unresolved problems require an integrated approach. South African Journal of Marine Science 20: 165–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishiguchi, M. K., J. E. Lopez, and S. V. Boletzky. 2004. Enlightenment of old ideas from new investigations: more questions regarding the evolution of bacteriogenic light organs in squids. Evolution & Development 6: 41–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, M., and J. Z. Young. 2003. The Brain and Lives of Cephalopods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman, M. 2000. Cephalopods–A World Guide. Hackenheim: ConchBooks.

    Google Scholar 

  • d’Orbigny. A. 1826. Tableau méthodique de la Classe de Céphalopodes [Introduction, pp. 96–120 by A. E. Ferussac]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (series 1) 7: 95–169, 245–314, 8 pls.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R. 1848. Description of two mutilated specimen of Spirula peronii, with some observations on S. australis and reticulate. In A. Adams, and L. Reeve, 1848–1850, The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS “Samarang” under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, pp. 6–17. Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, R. 1879. Supplementary observations on the anatomy of Spirula australis Lam. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3(5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palumbi, S. R., and J. Benzie. 1991. Large mitochondrial DNA differences between morphologically similar Penaeid shrimp. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 1: 27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Lozada, M., A. Guerra, and A. Sanjuan. 1999. Allozyme differentiation in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean. Heredity 83: 280–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, C. J., S. N. Jarman, and G. D. Jackson. 2003. Genetic differentiation in the squid Moroteuthis ingens inferred from RAPD analysis. Polar Biology 26: 166–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scotese, C. R. 2001. Atlas of Earth History, Volume 1, Paleogeography. Arlington, TX: PALEOMAP Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, P. W. 2002. Past, present and future applications of DNA-based markers in cephalopod biology. In P. R. Boyle, M. A. Collins, J. G. Pierce, and J. J. Watson (editors), Cephalopod Biomass and Production. Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 67–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, C., A. Franke, and A. Martin. 1991. The polymerase chain reaction: DNA extraction and amplification. In G. M. Hewitt, A. W. B. Johnston, and J. P. W. Young (editors), Molecular Techniques in Taxonomy. NATO ASI series H 57: 329–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Söller, R., K. Warnke, U. Saint-Paul, and D. Blohm. 2000. Sequence divergence of mitochondrial DNA indicates cryptic biodiversity in Octopus vulgaris and supports the taxonomic distinctiveness of Octopus mimus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae). Marine Biology 136: 29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strugnell, J., M. Norman, J. Jackson, A. J. Drummond, and A. Cooper. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) using a multigene approach; the effect of data partitioning on resolving phylogenies in a Bayesian framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 426–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sturmbauer, C., and A. Meyer. 1992. Genetic divergence, speciation and morphological stasis in a lineage of African cichlid fishes. Nature 359: 578–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D. L. 2001. PAUP *. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss, G. L. 1977. Present status and new trends in cephalopod systematics. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 38: 49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, P. S., D. A. Metzger, and R. Higushi. 1991. Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material. Biotechniques 10: 506–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnke, K. 1999. Diversität des Artenkomplexes Octopus cf. vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 in Beziehung zu seiner Verbreitung an der Ost- und Westküste Lateinamerikas. Doctoral dissertation, Universität Bremen, Aachen: Shaker Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnke, K., J. Plötner, J. I. Santana, M. J. Rueda, and O. Llinas. 2003. Reflections on the phylogenetic position of Spirula (Cephalopoda): preliminary evidence from the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 3: 253–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnke, K., R. Söller, D. Blohm, and U. Saint-Paul. 2000. Rapid differentiation between Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 and Octopus mimus Gould 1852, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 38: 119–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warnke, K., R. Söller, D. Blohm, and U. Saint-Paul. 2002. Assessment of the phylogenetic relationship between Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 and O. mimus Gould 1852, using mitochondrial 16S rRNA. In H. Summesberger, K. Histon, and A. Daurer (editors), International Symposium “Cephalopods Present and Past”. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Wien 57: 401–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnke, K., R. Söller, D. Blohm, and U. Saint-Paul. 2004. A new look at geographic and phylogenetic relationships within the species group surrounding Octopus vulgaris (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): indications from mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 42: 306–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wray, C. G., N. H. Landman, W. B. Saunders, and J. Bonacum. 1995. Genetic divergence and geographic diversification in Nautilus. Paleobiology 21: 220–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeatman, J., and J. A. H. Benzie. 1993. Cryptic speciation in Loligo from northern Australia. In D. Okutani, R. K. O’Dor, and T. Kubodera, (editors), Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology, pp. 641–652. Tokyo: Tokai University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R. E., and M. J. Sweeney. 2002. Taxa associated with the family Spirulidae Owen, 1836. Tree of Life, web projekt, http://tolweb.org/accessory/Spriulidae_Taxa?acc_id=2337#about.

  • Zheng, X., R. Wang, X. Wang, S. Xiao, and B. Chen. 2001. Genetic variation in populations of the common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) using allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis. Journal of Shellfish Research 20: 1159–1165.

    Google Scholar 

  • N. H. Landman et al. (eds.), Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives, 144–155.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Freie Universität Berlin FR Paläontologie, Malteserstrase 74-100, D-12249, Haus, Berlin, Germany

    Kerstin Warnke

Authors
  1. Kerstin Warnke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street and Central Park West, 10024, New York, NY, USA

    Neil H. Landman

  2. College of Mount St. Joseph, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Richard Arnold Davis

  3. Ohio University, 316 Clippinger Laboratories, 45701, Athens, OH, USA

    Royal H. Mapes

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Warnke, K. (2007). On the Species Status of Spirula spirula (Linné, 1758) (Cephalopoda): A New Approach Based on Divergence of Amino Acid Sequences Between the Canaries and New Caledonia. In: Landman, N.H., Davis, R.A., Mapes, R.H. (eds) Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6806-5_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation