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Genomics For Improvement Of Rosaceae Temperate Tree Fruit

  • Chapter
Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement

Abstract

Genomic studies of Rosaceous fruit trees have concentrated on two species: peach (Prunus persica), which has served as a model for other species of the same genus, such as the stone fruits (apricot, cherry and plum) and almond; and apple (Malus x domestica ), which itself is a model for other close species such as pear, quince and loquat. High density or saturated maps exist in both peach and apple, and sets of microsatellite markers spaced across the genome of both species are used for gene tagging and mapping in other populations. Efficient methods for mapping new markers and genes have been developed, such as “bin mapping” and the “genome scanning approach”. Tens of major genes and QTLs have been located on the maps of both species, and some of them are close to markers routinely used for selection in plant breeding. Comparative mapping has shown that all members of the Prunus genus share the same genome structure and that apple and pear genomes have a highly similar genetic organization. There are chromosomal rearrangements between the genomes of apple and Prunus, but extensive regions of synteny and collinearity are maintained. Several genes of apple and peach have been cloned using map-based techniques or are in the process of being cloned. A physical map is in an advanced stage of construction for peach and one has recently been started in apple. Large EST collections have been developed, particularly in apple and Prunus providing tens of thousands of new markers and gene sequences useful for functional analysis and map construction. Microarrays are proving to be valuable tools for identifying candidate genes for characters of interest. This information is stored in several databases with varying degrees of public access.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Carretera de Cabrils Km.2, E-08348 Cabrils, Spain

    Pere Arús

  2. HortResearch, Private Bag 11030, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Susan Gardiner

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  1. Pere Arús
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  2. Susan Gardiner
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India

    Rajeev K. Varshney

  2. University of Bologna, Italy

    Roberto Tuberosa

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Arús, P., Gardiner, S. (2007). Genomics For Improvement Of Rosaceae Temperate Tree Fruit. In: Varshney, R.K., Tuberosa, R. (eds) Genomics-Assisted Crop Improvement. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6297-1_14

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