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Photosynthetic Fractionation of Carbon Isotopes

  • Chapter
Photosynthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 9))

Summary

During photosynthetic CO2 fixation fractionation of stable carbon isotopes occurs and, consequently, plants are generally depleted in the heavier isotope 13C. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) is a measure of this process and depends on fractionation during diffusion and during enzymatic carboxylation reactions. Discrimination during photosynthesis has a significant, though relatively small, effect on the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 both at regional and global level; hence stable isotopes find relevant applications in the study of the global carbon cycle. In addition to variation in Δ among plants with different photosynthetic pathways, large variations are found within plant groups, resulting from genetic and environmental influences on the ratio of partial pressures of CO2 at the sites of carboxylation and that in the free turbulent atmosphere. Experimental evidences confirming the theory of carbon isotope discrimination and known complications are discussed. Carbon isotope composition also varies among different metabolites, compartments and plant organs as a result of fractionation during secondary metabolism and variation in the ratio of diffusional and carboxylation limitations. Special emphases are given to measurements of Δ in different carbon pools such as bulk dry matter, cellulose, starch and sucrose, with different turnover rates and different integration of p1/p8 and to the links with water-use efficiency. The application of carbon isotope discrimination to physiological and ecophysiological studies and to selection of genotypes with improved water-use efficiency and drought tolerance and the recent progress in this field are reviewed.

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Abbreviations

α:

isotope effect

δ:

carbon isotope composition relative to VPDB

Δ:

carbon istotope discrimination

A:

assimilation rate

b:

fractionation during carboxylations

CAM:

crassulacean acid metabolism

CCM:

CO2 concentrating mechanism

gm:

mesophyll conductance

gg:

stomatial conductance

pc:

chloroplastic CO2 partial pressure

PEP:

phosphoenolpyruvate

pi/pa:

ratio of intercellular to atmospheric partial pressures of CO2

PDB:

Pee Dee Belemnite

R:

deisotope abundance ratio

RuBP:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

VPDB:

Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite

W:

photosynthetic water-use efficiency

WUE:

water-use efficiency

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto per ľAgroselvicoltura, CNR, Via Marconi 2, 05010, Porano (TR), Italy

    Enrico Brugnoli

  2. Environmental Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, P.O. Box 475, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Graham D. Farquhar

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  1. Enrico Brugnoli
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Hill Institute, University of Sheffield, UK

    Richard C. Leegood

  2. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, USA

    Thomas D. Sharkey

  3. Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Australia

    Susanne von Caemmerer

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© 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Brugnoli, E., Farquhar, G.D. (2000). Photosynthetic Fractionation of Carbon Isotopes. In: Leegood, R.C., Sharkey, T.D., von Caemmerer, S. (eds) Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48137-5_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6143-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48137-6

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