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Carbon-dioxide exchange in lichens: determination of transport and carboxylation characteristics

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Abstract

Measurements were made of net rates of CO2 assimilation in lichens at various ambient concentrations of CO2 in air and in helox (79% He, 21% O2). Because of the faster rate of CO2 diffusion in the pores of lichen thalli when filled with helox than when filled with air, a given net rate of assimilation was achieved at a lower ambient concentration of CO2 in helox. The differences were used to estimate resistances to diffusion through the gas-filled pore systems in lichens. The technique was first tested with five lichen species, and then applied in a detailed study with Ramalina maciformis, in which gas-phase resistances were determined in samples at four different states of hydration and with two irradiances. By assuming, on the basis of previous evidence, that the phycobiont in R. maciformis is fully turgid and photosynthetically competent at the smallest hydration imposed (equilibration with vapour at 97% relative humidity), and that, with this state of hydration, diffusion of CO2 to the phycobiont takes place through continuously gas-filled pores, it was possible also to determine both the dependence of net rate of assimilation in the phycobiont on local concentration of CO2 in the algal layer, and, with the wetter samples, the extents to which diffusion of CO2 to the phycobiont was impeded by water films. In equilibrium with air of 97% relative humidity, the thallus water content being 0.5 g per g dry weight, the resistance to CO2 diffusion through the thallus was about twice as large as the resistance to CO2 uptake within the phycobiont. Total resistance to diffusion increased rapidly with increase in hydration. At a water content of 2 g per g it was about 50 times as great as the resistance to uptake within the phycobiont and more than two-thirds of it was attributable to impedance of transfer by water. The influences of water content on rate of assimilation at various irradiances are discussed. The analysis shows that the local CO2 compensation concentration of the phycobiont in R. maciformis is close to zero, indicating that photorespiratory release of CO2 does not take place in the alga, Trebouxia sp., under the conditions of these experiments.

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Abbreviations

α:

rate of CO2 diffusion in air relative to that in carrier gas (unity if the carrier gas is air and 0.43 if is helox)

A1 :

net rate of CO2 uptake by the lichen

Ap :

gross rate of carboxylation minus photorespiratory decarboxylation in the phycobiont, i.e. net rate of light-activated CO2 exchange

A* :

maximum, CO2-saturated magnitude of Ap

c:

concentration of CO2

ca :

ambient concentration of CO2

ci :

ca minus difference in CO2 concentration across air-filled pore space in the thallus

c8 :

CO2 concentration equivalent to partial pressure of CO2 at the surface of the phycobiont

Γ1 :

magnitude of ca at which A1 = 0

Γ* :

magnitude of c* at which Ap = 0

R:

rate of “dark respiration” in the lichen (mycobiont and phycobiont)

R′:

rate of “dark respiration” in region between the surface of the lichen and an arbitrary distance from the surface within the thallus

r:

resistance to CO2 transfer from lichen surface to the surface of the phycobiont

r† :

resistance to CO2 transfer between effective source of “dark respiration” in the lichen and the surface of the phycobiont

rg, r †g :

components of r and r†, respectively, attributable to transfer in air-phase

rw, r †w :

components of r and r†, respectively, attributable to transfer in water-phase

r′:

component of r between surface of lichen and an arbitrary distance from the surface within the thallus

r* :

resistance to CO2 transfer and carboxylation in the phycobiont

RH:

relative humidity

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Author notes

  1. I. R. Cowan

    Present address: Plant Environmental Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia

  2. T. G. A. Green

    Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für Botanik II der Universität Würzburg, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, W-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany

    I. R. Cowan, O. L. Lange & T. G. A. Green

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  2. O. L. Lange
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  3. T. G. A. Green
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Cowan, I.R., Lange, O.L. & Green, T.G.A. Carbon-dioxide exchange in lichens: determination of transport and carboxylation characteristics. Planta 187, 282–294 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201952

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