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Selectivity in vibrationally mediated single-molecule chemistry

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Abstract

The selective excitation of molecular vibrations provides a means to directly influence the speed and outcome of chemical reactions. Such mode-selective chemistry1 has traditionally used laser pulses to prepare reactants in specific vibrational states2 to enhance reactivity3,4 or modify the distribution of product species5,6. Inelastic tunnelling electrons may also excite molecular vibrations7,8 and have been used to that effect on adsorbed molecules, to cleave individual chemical bonds9 and induce molecular motion10,11,12,13 or dissociation14,15,16,17. Here we demonstrate that inelastic tunnelling electrons can be tuned to induce selectively either the translation or desorption of individual ammonia molecules on a Cu(100) surface. We are able to select a particular reaction pathway by adjusting the electronic tunnelling current and energy during the reaction induction such that we activate either the stretching vibration of ammonia or the inversion of its pyramidal structure. Our results illustrate the ability of the scanning tunnelling microscope to probe single-molecule events in the limit of very low yield and very low power irradiation, which should allow the investigation of reaction pathways not readily amenable to study by more conventional approaches.

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Figure 1: Inducing molecular motion with tunnelling electrons.
Figure 2: Thresholds of electron energy needed to induce molecular motion.
Figure 3: Dependence of reaction yield and product on the tunnelling current.
Figure 4: Scheme and one-dimensional potentials of reaction pathways M1 and M2.

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Acknowledgements

J.I.P. acknowledges research contracts ‘Marie Curie’ (EU) and ‘Ramon y Cajal’ (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología). N.L. acknowledges support from ACI Jeunes Chercheurs, and the CNRS programme ‘Nano-Objet Individuel’. All calculations were performed at the Centre d'Informatique National de l'Enseignement Supérieur (CINES) and the Centre de Calcul Midi-Pyrénées (CALMIP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14194, Berlin, Germany

    J. I. Pascual, Z. Song, H. Conrad & H.-P. Rust

  2. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus de la UAB, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain

    J. I. Pascual

  3. Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, UMR5589, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cédex, France

    N. Lorente

  4. Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 555, PO Box 5000, New York, Upton, 11973-5000, USA

    Z. Song

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  1. J. I. Pascual
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  2. N. Lorente
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  3. Z. Song
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  4. H. Conrad
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  5. H.-P. Rust
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Correspondence to J. I. Pascual.

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Pascual, J., Lorente, N., Song, Z. et al. Selectivity in vibrationally mediated single-molecule chemistry. Nature 423, 525–528 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01649

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