Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Arecaceae Fossil Fruits from the Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We describe fossil fruits collected from outcrops of the Salamanca Fm. (Paleocene, Danian, 63.3–61.9 Ma) at the Estancia Las Violetas locality, Chubut, Argentina that show affinities with members of the Subtribe Attaleinae, Tribe Cocoseae, Subfamily Arecoideae within the Arecaceae. The fossils are preserved as permineralizations, and were examined by longitudinal, tangential and cross-sections, as well as by the application of Computed Tomography Scanning technology (CT Scan). The fruits are ovoid drupes with 3 longitudinal grooves delimiting three valves; displaying apical stigmatic remains and a single apical germination pore. The exocarp and mesocarp are fused and anatomically indistinguishable one from another; they contain longitudinal fibrous bands with brachysclereids. A centrally placed seed occupies the single locule entirely; the seeds are deltoid with a basal hilum and acuminate tip while the endosperm is ruminate. The taxonomic position of the fossils was explored using phylogenetic analyses of molecular sequences combined with morphological data. Along with the suite of morphological characters that points to an affinity with the Subtribe Attaleinae, Tribe Cocoseae, subfamily Arecoideae, the results of the combined phylogenetic analyses confirm the taxonomic placement. This report constitutes the first confirmed record for the Subtribe Attaleinae worldwide and the first record of fossil palm fruits from Argentina.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Ancibor, E. 1995. Palmeras fósiles del Cretácico Tardío de la Patagonia, Argentina (Bajo de Santa Rosa, Río Negro). Ameghiniana 32: 287–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archangelsky, S. 1973. Palinología del Paleoceno de Chubut. I. Descripciones sistemáticas. Ameghiniana 10: 339–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argujio, M. H. 1979. Palmoxylon bororoense n. sp. de la Formación Cerro Bororó (Paleoceno), provincia de Chubut, República Argentina. Physis C. 38: 87–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1981. Palmoxylon vaterum n. sp. del Paleoceno (Daniano) de la provincia del Chubut, Argentina. Physis Sección C. 39: 49–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asmussen, C. B., J. Dransfield, V. Deickmann, A. S. Barfod, J. Pintaud & W. J. Baker. 2006. A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 15–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, W. J., V. Savolainen, C. B. Asmussen-Lange, M. W. Chase, J. Dransfield, F. Forest, M. M. Harley, N. W. Uhl & M. Wilkinson. 2009. Complete generic- level phylogenetic analyses of palms (Arecaceae) with comparisons of supertree and supermatrix approaches. Systematic Biology 58: 240–256.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ballance, P. F., M. R. Gregory & G. W. Gibson. 1981. Coconuts in Miocene turbidites in New Zealand: possible evidence for tsunami origin of some turbidity currents. Geology 9: 592–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, E. W. 1914. The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene floras of South Carolina, Georgia. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper. 84: 1–200.

  • ——— 1916. A petrified palm from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. American Journal of Science 41: 193–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1926. Cocos and Phymatocaryon in the Pilocene of New Zealand. American Journal of Science 212: 181–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1937. A Paleocene flora from Patagonia. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Geology 12: 33–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjorholm, S., J. Svenning, F. Skov & H. Balslev. 2005. Environmental and spacial controls of palm (Arecaceae) species richness across the Americas. Global Ecology and Biogeography 14: 423–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. D., R. E. Fordyce, A. Grebneff & P. A. Maxwell. 2000. Fossil coconuts from mid-Cenozoic shallow-marine sediments in southern New Zealand. Otago University, Geology Department, Dunedin [Poster abstract].

    Google Scholar 

  • Crié, L. 1892. Recherches sur les Palmiers silicifiés des terains Crétacés de l’Anjou. Bulletin de la Socíeté d’Études Scientifiques d’Angers 21: 97–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daghlian, C. P. 1981. A review of the fossil record of monocotyledons. The Botanical Review 47: 517–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dransfield, J., N. W. Uhl, C. B. Asmussen, W. J. Baker, M. M. Harley & C. E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum. Kew Publishing, Kew.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgar, R. C. 2004. MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. BMC Bioinformatics 5: 113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Essig, F. B. 1999. Trends of specialization in the palm pericarp. In: A. Henderson & F. Borchsenius (eds). Evolution, variation and classification of palms. The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fliche, P. 1896. Etudes sur la flore fossile de l’Argonne Albian-Cenomanien. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy. 14: 114–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandolfo, M.A., M.C. Zamaloa & N. Caviglia. 2010. Revisiting the Argentinean monocotyledon fossil record. VI Southern Connection Congress, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. [Symposium abstract].

  • Glassman, S. F. 1987. Revisions of the palm genus Syagrus Mart. and other selected genera in the Cocos alliance. Illinois Biological Monographs 56: 1–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goloboff, P. A. 1998. NONA. Computer program and software. Published by the author, Tucuman.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, J. A. Farris & K. C. Nixon. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24: 774–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Navarro, C., C. Jaramillo, F. Herrera, S. L. Wing & R. Callejas. 2009. Palms (Arecaceae) from a Paleocene rainforest of northern Colombia. American Journal of Botany 96: 1300–1312.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harley, M. M. 2006. A summary of fossil record for Arecaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 39–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— & W. J. Baker. 2001. Pollen aperture morphology in Arecaceae: application within phylogenetic analyses, and a summary of the fossil record of palm-like pollen. Grana 40: 45–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollick, A. 1928. Paleobotany of Porto Rico. Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the virgin islands. New York Academy of Sciences 7: 177–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iglesias, A., P. Wilf, K. R. Johnson, A. B. Zamuner, N. R. Cúneo, S. D. Matheos & B. S. Singer. 2007. A Paleocene lowland macroflora from Patagonia reveals significantly greater richness than North American analogs. Geology 35: 947–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, A. I. 1980. Palmoxylon concordiense n. sp. del Plioceno de la provincia de Entre Ríos, República Argentina. Actas del II Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Biostratigrafía y I Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología 3: 129–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1984. Palmoxylon yuqueriense n. sp. del Plioceno de la provincia de Entre Ríos, República Argentina. Actas del II Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Biostratigrafía: 197–207.

  • Maury, C. J. 1930. O Cretáceo da Parahyba do Norte. Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro. Monographias 8: 1–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, K. C. 1999. WinClada version 1.87. Published by the author. Ithaca, NY. [Available at http://www.winclada.com].

  • Noblick, L. R. & H. Lorenzi. 2010. Lytocaryum, including a new species from Bahia, Brazil. Journal of the International Palm Society 54: 5–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottone, E. 2007. A new palm trunk from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Ameghiniana 44: 719–725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, A. D., B. F. Jacobs, J. Dransfield & W. J. Baker. 2006. The fossil history of palms (Arecaceae) in Africa and new records from the Late Oligocene (28-27 Mya) of north-western Ethiopia. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 151: 69–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petriella, B. 1972. Estudio de maderas petrificadas del Terciario Inferior del area Central de Chubut (Cerro Bororo). Revista del Museo de La Plata 6: 159–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romero, E. J. 1968. Palmoxylon patagonicum n. sp. del Terciario inferior de la Provincia de Chubut, Argentina. Ameghiniana 10: 417–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, A. 1882. Die von den Gebrüdern Schlagenwelt in Indein gesammelten fossilen Hölzer. Botanischer Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 3: 353–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somoza, R., G. Cladera & S. Archangelsky. 1995. Una nueva tafoflora paleocena de Chubut, Patagonia. Su edad y ambiente de depositación. VI Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Biostratigrafía, Actas: 265–269.

  • Tripathi, R. P., S. N. Mishra & B. D. Sharma. 1999. Cocos nucifera like petrified fruit from the Tertiary of Amarkantak, MP, India. Paleobotanist 48: 251–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaudois-Miéja, N. & A. Lejal-Nicol. 1987. Paléocarpologie africaine: apparition dès l’Aptien en Égypte d’un Palmier (Hyphaeneocarpon aegyptiacum n.sp.). Comptes Rendus de l’académie des Sciences 304: 233–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zucol, A. F., M. Brea, E. Bellosi, A. A. Carlini & G. Vucetich. 2007. Preliminary phytolith analysis of Sarmiento Formation in the Gran Barranca (central Patagonia, Argentina). Pp 189–195. In: M. Madella & D. Zurro (eds). Plants, people and places: recent studies in phytolith analysis. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone (eds.) 1996. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledoneae). Monographs in Systematic Botany 60: 1–323.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Drs. S. Archanglesky and R. Somoza for making available the fossil remains studied herein. We thank Ing. M. Riccio for the CT Scan images, Dr. J. Reveal for helping with Greek for naming of the fossil, J. Svitko and P. Balcells for figure preparation. This research was supported by NSF grants DEB 0830020, DEB- 0918932 and DEB 0919071, and the Fulbright Foundation (MAG).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA

    Mary K. Futey & Maria A. Gandolfo

  2. Departmento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2620, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Maria C. Zamaloa

  3. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, CP 9100, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina

    Rubén Cúneo & Gerardo Cladera

Authors
  1. Mary K. Futey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria A. Gandolfo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria C. Zamaloa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rubén Cúneo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gerardo Cladera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria A. Gandolfo.

Appendix 1. Combined Molecular and Morphological Matrix

Appendix 1. Combined Molecular and Morphological Matrix

Calectasia -------------------------------

0023233220333000213223233000203301000332

013303303011113201301230011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113200200210220210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031202213233233222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333202200223313233011001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111113313303311000013331100221112111103221031100233200120203002332001002303223123111130332220323013033000110000132220330311210002003303223020212233303200323130123223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210033303000210102211200012223200031000220103301332003213011210223010323200200032030000022211030333211020200330220233113031230032103201301330013223220331013212003013021332213333303321121201003221130133133101033103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101213223010230230223000132200222202120202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223033331333013100203322231313032111223233332111232213312222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333220203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322223003210113223210210213003123230213330200212323230100213123003202220123203133213123200223003200033031121200213011000322023113202130211213213323200230322002212031000331200331200110230203002130203-----------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Kingia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0033201330330301311

32013012000110002030132030313322102103311202300131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312222022000031003030332133032302133031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331110133133033110000133311002231121131032210311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233313303333232112002100333030002121022132000122232000310002201033013320032130112102230103232002000320300000222112303332110202003322202131130312300321032013013300132222203310132100030130213323130033033211212030032211301331331010331031212100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301210323132232202031030331012132230102302302230001322002222001232020320133302233332332033303301232032033330332000002011202231212230333333310131002033222313130321132232330321112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332202032033112301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101132232102102100031212322133302002123232301002131230032022201232031332131232002230032000330311232002130230003220211132021--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Dasypogon ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3010003320133033030

131132013012000110002030132030313322102103311202300131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312202022000031003030332133032302133031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331110133133033110000133311002211121131032230311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233313303333232112002101333330002121022112000122232000310002201033013320032130112102230103232002000320300000222110303332110202003302202331130312300321032013013300132232203310132100030130233322131033033211212010032211301331331010331031232100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301230323132232202031030331012112230102302302230001322002222001232020320133322233332332033303321232032033330332000002011202231212230333313310131002033222313130321132232331321112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332202032033112301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101132232102102100031212322133302002123232301002131230032022201232031332131232002230032000330311232002130210003220211132021--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Mauritia 001000-0001000-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------300021002323322033300021322323300020330100

0332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210210230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130020213130123132202203132120033111113313303311000013331100223102113103221031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033002110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200212133303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013210223010323200200032031000022211230333211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101220223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233031111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220011330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003202220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322000202031000331202333200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Trithrinax 000000-0001000--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100010202013000210023213220333000213223233000203

301000332003303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100223112113103221031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210133303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032032000022213230323211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101210223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233132111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003202220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002102031000331200331200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Sabal 010--0-0001(01)00--------------123222301023131200021031000213021031200213

120002113201333203213303230223032310113321101-----------------------00200332210

20210130033323322303003030202103303103302223203332130301030230031301331303031302100032133103000-------32001300113001000100021031120210230023100030

0321010000103-----01322013100003---030131330133103132100---33333233203011-33

3333330020000200020222120222222022232221121011320333033200031032020100330203032132023131032331331020303102003031103-113331331021013-133220330132

01021332302033213311133221020111210200210030321320321123003120023333011201010033003311322320100320002000223213202023312003223203200020022223200230133100201023330113133120120022131101323331032203311132322202200213002132131030---------???????????????------1101000102000130002100232132203330002132

23233000203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221112113103221031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210133333000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032032000022211030333211020200332220213113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101210223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233132111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003202220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002212031000331200331200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Nypa 010--0-0001110------------------------23332200021031000213021031200213120002

11320133320321330323322303231--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------03010230031301330303031322100032133103000-------320

0130011--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------03330-32000300320201003302030-----023131032331331020302102003231103-313331333021013-1332202301320102133230

203321321113322102011101020021003032132032132300312022333301120101003300331132212010032003220022321320202331200322320320002002222320023013311031102333011313332032002213110132333----------------------------------------------?????????

??????------11010001020001300021002321322033300021322323300020330100033201

3303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203222133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120031111113313303311000013331100221110113103221031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223022212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323011200210033303000212102011200012223200031000220103301332003213011212223010323200200032032000022211030333211020200332220233113031030032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101220223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230330102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003202220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002202031000331201331200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Ceroxylon 010--0-0001(01)00---------------------------------------------------------200021302

01333223213303233223032310133321101021211302-33233023013320020031221020

210130033323322303003030202100323103302323310332132003030230030301331203031302100032133103000-------0000130011300130013002103132031203002310003003

21010000103-----11322013000003---030030330133103232100----0333333223011-3333

3310000200010----------------------------------------22203003202010033020303233202313

103233133102030310200303110--331331333021013-133220330132010203323020332

132111332210201110102002100303213203213230031200233330112010120330033113202201003200020002232132020233122332232032000200222232102101331203110233--------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????—2310110

100010200013000210023233220333000213223233000203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111113313303311000013331100221112113103221031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210033303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010321200200032031000022211230333211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101111322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200233322002202031000331200331200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Pseudophoenix 010--0-0001100---------------------------------------------------------20002131

201333203213303233223032310-------------------------------------------------------------------------------0332232332031213200103023003020133300303133210003210310320000000

00000003201030110001000310313203100----------------------------------------------------------------------33332333223011-33333130020200020----------------3322022021110113203

3003320203003202013223020303233202313103233133102030310203303110—313331

33 (03)021013-13322033013201021332302133223211113221020113010200210230321

3203211230031200233330113010100330233113203201103200022002232132020233120332232032000200222232002301331003110233--------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????------1101000102000130002100232332203330002

13221233000203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112111202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031201111233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221112113103221031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210033303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032031000022211230333211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002200031000331203331203110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Geonoma 010--0-0001010-------------------------3131202021031000213021031200213120

002133201333203213303233223032310133321101021011302-33233023213120020033

221020213130033323122303003030202100323103302313320332132-03030230030301

331003031301100032133103000-------000013001130013--------03132031003002310003

00321010000103-----01322013201003---030030330133103032100----3333333223011-3

333331003020------------------------------------203310332020300320201003302030321120

231310323313---00303102003--1101---3231333021013-13322033213201021330301033

2130111332210201132102002100303213203233230031200(02)33330112010100330033113203201003200022000232112020233121332232032000200222232000301331003110233301131331201200221311013233310322030111-----------------------------------??????

?????????---------------------------------------------------------30100033201330330301311320

13012000110002030132030313322102103311202300131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312222022000031003030332133032302133031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331111133133033110000133311002211121131032230311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233313303333232112002121333030002121022112000122232000310002201033013320032130132122230103232002000320310000222112303332110202003322202131130312300321032013013300132222203310132100030130213322131033033211212030012211301331331010311031212100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301230323132232202031030331012222230102302322230001322002222001232020320133322233332332033303301232032033330332000002011200231212230313333330131002033222313130321102232330301112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332222032033112301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101112232102302130031222322133302002123232301002131230032002201232031332131232002230032000330311232002130210003220211132001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Socratea 000--0-0001010------------------------2313120202123102021302103120021312

0002133201333203013303233223032310133321101021011312-332332230131200200

332210202101300333233223032030302021003211033023133203321320030302300303013310030313021000321331000000------0000130011300130010002103-320310030023

1000300321030000103-----01322013001003---0300303--013103222100----3331333223

011033333310001200020-----------------222020211110113203310332020300320201003

30203032332023131032331331020303102003--1101-303331333021013-133220332132

0102133000--------11133221020111010200210030321320323323003320023333011201

010013003311320320100320002200223213202023312133223203200020022223200030133102311023330113133320320022131101323331032203011132---------------------------------???????????????---------------------------------------------------------3010003320133033

030131132013012000110002030132030313322102103311202300131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312202022000031003030332133032302133031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331110133133033110000133311002211121131032230311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233313303333232112002101333(03)30002121022112000122232000310002201033013320032130132122230103232002000320310000222112303332110202003322202331130312300321032013013300132222203310132100030130213322131033033211212030012211301331331010311031212100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301230323132232202031030331012122230102302322230001322002222001232020320133322233332332033303301232032033330332000002011200231212230313333330131002033222313130321102232330311112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332222032033112301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101112232102302130031222322133302002123232301002131230032002201232031332131232002230032000330311232002130210003220211132001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Chamaedorea ?10--0-0001000------------------------2313320232103100021102103322021

2120002131201333203213303233223032333133321101023211302-3303322301332002

0033221022210331033323322303003030202100333103302333320332110003030230130301331003031302100032133103300-------000002000131013001000230313203110300

231000300321010000103-----01322013000003---0300--310131103202000---301333322

03011-33333132000000020---------0020222020210001111001100331033202030032020

1003333032323220231310323313310203031020030133231333331333021013-1332203

321322102133030203321301113322102011321020021003032132032312320312002333301120101003300331132032010032000220022321320202331203322320320022002222320023033210031002333011313302032002213110112333----------------------------------------------???????????????---------1000102000130002100232332203310002122232330002

03301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100333033213303232213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221112113103223031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200212133303000212102213200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032032000022211230323211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013011332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200030322002212031000331200331203110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Synechanthus (01)10--0-0001010------------------------23133202021031000213021033220

213120002131201331203213303233223032310133321101223211322-33213023013320

020033221020210331033223322303003030202100333103302333320332112003030230030301331003031302100032133103320---------------------------321031220311030023100

0300321012000103-----21322013222003---030030310131123202000---3013133220301

3-33333313200000020---------20202220202100012110111203310332020300320201203

333032323322231312323313310203031020030103231331331303021013-13322033213

20102133030203321301113322102011321020021003032132032312320312002333301120121001300331132012012032000220022321310202331203322320320022002222320023033210131102333011313312012002213110112333----------------------------------------------???????????????---------------2000130002100232332203330002132232330002033010

00332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200111233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123332202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221113113103223031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210033303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032031000022211230323211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013030220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002212031000331200331203110230203003132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Barcella 000--12000?010-------------------------3133200021031000213021031200213120

00213320133320321330323322303231313332110002101130—3123302302332002003

32210202100300133203203032030302021003231033023233203321320030302100303013310230313021000321331030000002001000013001130013321000200313203100300212000300321010000113-----01322013000003030030030330033103232100---33333332

223011-33333-30000200020--------2220202222221002111101132033103320203003203

0100330203332132023131032331331020303102013--1101-303331333021013-1332203

321320102113030103321301113322102011101020021003032132032332320312002333301100101003300331132032010032000220022321320202331203322320320002002222320003013310031102333011313312012002213130132333----------------------------------------------???????????????0323101101000102000130002100232332203330002132232330

00203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220130011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303330213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111113313303311000013331100221112113103223031100313200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200212133303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032031000022211230333211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002202031000331200331200110230203002132203020320020203000030021232103003310230033113233323313313003320332100330???????????????????????????

Elaeis 000--120001010----------------------------------------12130210312002131200021332

0133320321330323322303231313332110002101130--310330230233200200332210202

100300333233203032030302021003231033023233203321320030302100303013310230313021000321331030000------00001300123001332100020031320310030021200030032

1010000113-----01322013000003---030030310133103232100---33333331223011-33333

310000202022----------20202222221002111101132033103320203003203010033020333

2132023131032331331020303102013--1101-303331333021013-1332203321320102113

03010332130111332210201110102002100303213203233232031200233330110010100330033113203201003200022002232132020233120332232032000200222232000301331003110233301131331201200221313013133310--------------------------------------------?????

??????????-32310110100010200013000210023233220333000213223233000203301000

332013303303013113201301200011000203011203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230213303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111113313303311000013331100221112113103223031100313200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331330333323211200210033303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032031000022211230333211020200332220213113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213303303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203311230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133213123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002202031000331200331200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Acrocomia 000--110000010------------------------------------------130210312002131200021

33201333203223303233223032310133321100021211302-31033023013120020033221

020210030033323320303003030202100323103302321320332132003030230010301331023031302100032133102100-------0000130011300130210002003132031003002310003

00321010000113-----01322013000003---030030330133103232100---33333332223011-3

3333130000200000----------2222022222120111110113203310332020330----------02000

32132023131032331331020303102013--1101-323331333021013-133220332132010211

303210332110111312210201110102002100303213203213230031200233330110110100330033113201201001200022002232132020233121332232032000200222232002301333003110233301131331201200221311033233310-22030111322200220--------------------------???????????????---------------------------------------------------------301000332013303303

0131132013012000110002030132030313322102103311202300131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312222022000031003030332133032302133031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331110133133033110000133311002221121131032230311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233312303333232112002121333030002121022112000122232000310002201033013320032130132122230103232002000320310000222112303332110202003322202131130312300321032013013300132222203310132100030130233322131033033211212030012211301331331010311031212100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301230323132232202031030331012122230102302322230001322002222001232020320133322233332332033303301232032033330332000002011200231212230313333330131002033222313130321102212330301112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332222032033112301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101112232102302130031222322133302002123232301002131230032002201232031332131232002230032000330311232002130210003220211132001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Bactris 000--110001010----------------------------311002103100021302103120021312000

2133201333203223303233223032310133321100021211102-312330230133200200332

31020210030033323320303003030202100323103302323320332132003030230010301331023031302100032133102100-------00001300113001302100020031320310030023100

0300321010000113-----01322213000003---030030330133103232100033333333332230

11-33333130200202020--------22202022212112001111011320331033202030032020100

330203032132023131032331331020303102013--1101-323331333021013-13322033213

2010213303210332130111332210201110102002100303213203213230031200233330110010100330033113203201001200022002232132020233121332232032000200222232002301333003110233331131331201200221311013233310-22030111-----------------------------------???????????????---------------------------------------------------------30100033201330

33030131132013012000110002030132030313322102103311202300131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312222022000031003030332133032302133031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331110133133033110000133311002211121131032230311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233312303333232112002101333030002121022112000122232000310002201033013320032130132122230103232002000320320000222112303332110202003322202331130312300321032013013300132222203310132100030130213322131033033211212030012211301331331010311031212100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301230323132232202031030331012122230102302322230001322002222001232020320133322233332332033303301232032033330332000002011200231212230313333330131002033222313130321102232330301112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332222032033112301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101112232102302130031222322133302002123232301002131230032002201232031332131232002230032000330311232002130210003220211132001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Cocos 000--10000001023203032200200123222101023133200021031000213021031220

211122002131201333203213303233223032310113321100023011302333233223013320020033221020213030033323322303003030202102303103302323320312112023030230030301331023032302100032133103000-------0000110011302130210002003132031203

002310003003210100201130132201322013000003---0300323301331032321000--103

33333223011-33333130000200020—02022232022222302212001111011122331033202

03003202010033020303210202313303-------010303102003031103-310333313021012-3

332203303320322133030203321201113-22102011101020021003032132032312300332

0023333011201010033003311320320100320002200223213202023312033223203200020022223200230133100311223330113133120120022131101323333032203011132122302200013002------------------???????????????---------------------------------------------------------3010003320133033030131132013012000110002030132030313322102103311202300

131131001112202331121132022002102222102122302132112003133130132230103220100132323220132032201330110231332031233010002201203213011010312000112332312222022000031003030332133032302113031133302011333332002002233132330130010323330133110332322230032303332233310002111301202131301231322022031321200331110133133033110000133311002211121131032230311002332000202030023320010023032231231131303322203230130330001100003322203303112100020013012230202122333032003231301212232201332033330110022032032000012320013101001103330321233220202011233313213333232112002100333030002121022112000122232000310002201033013320032130132122230103232002000320310000222112303332110202003322202131130312300321032013013300132222203310132100030130213322131033033211212030012211301331331010311031212100321032102330332030201020000031032230321033331232301302130002103301230323132232202031030331012122230102302322230001322002222001232020320133322233332332033303301232032033330332000002011200231212230313333330131002033222313130321102232330301112322133102222230331032333221030321132111320112000313332222032033132301301023332212202200133302201011133222200032101112232102302130031222322133302002123232301002131230032002201232031332111232002230032000330311232002130210003220211132001--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Attalea 000—100001011232030322002001232221010231312000210310002130210312

00213120002133201330203213303233223032310133321100022011302133233023013320020033221020210030033323322303003030202102323103302323310332132003032230030301331023031302100032133103000-------00031300113021302100020031320312

0300231000300321010000113-----01322013000033---030030330133103232100---0233

3333223011-33333132000200020--------020222223022120011112111203310312010300

32020100330203-32132023133032331331020303102003031103-313331333021011233

32203303320122133030203321301113-221020111010200210030321320323123003320

023333011201010033003311320320100320002200223213202023312033223203200020022223200230133120311223330113133120120022131101323331032203011132322302200013002132131030111322003???????????????-------------------3300021002323322033

3000213223233000203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230211303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221112113103223031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331321333323211200210133303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032031000022211230333211020200332220213113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213312222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203313230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133211123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200030322002212031000331200331200112230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Syagrus (01)00--1000100112320303220020012322210102313120002103100031302103

1200213120002133201333203223303233223032310113321100021211302333233023013320020033221020210030033323322303003030202102323103302323320330132003030230030301331023031302100030133103300-------000013001130013021000200313203

100300231003300321010000113-----01322013000003---230030330133103232100---03

333333223011-33333130000200020--------0222222210221200101101112033103320203

0032020100330203032132023131032331331020303102003031103-313333313021012-

3332203303320122133030203321301113-2210201110102002100303213203231230033

200233330112010100330033113203201003200022002232132020233120332232032000200222232002301331003112233301131331201200221311013233310322030111323------00013002132131030111322003???????????????-323101101000102000130002100232

33220333000213223233000203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230211303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221112113103223031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331321333323211200212133303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010321200200032031000022211230333211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203313230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133211123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200030322002212031000331200331200110230203002132203---------------------------------------------------------------------???????????????????????????

Lytocaryum (01)00—101110010232030322002001232221010231312000210310003130

21031200213120002133201333203213303233223032310133321100021011302133033023013320020033221021210030033323322303003030202102323103322323320332132003032230030301331023031302100032133103000-------00031300113021302100020031

3203100000231000300321010000113-----01322033000003---030030330133103232100---03333333203011-33333130000200020--------022222333022320211110111203310332

0103003202010033020303213202313103233133102030310200301110--311330333021

013-3332203303320122133030203321301113-221020111010200210030321320123123

003320023333011201010033003311320320100320002200223213202023312033223203000020022203200230133100311223330113133120120022231101323331032203011132222302200003002132131030111322003???????????????032310110100010200013000210023233220333000213223233000203301000332013303303013113201301200011000203013203031332210210331120230013113100111220233112113202200210222210212230213211200313313013223010322010013232322013203220133011023133203123301000220120321301101031200011233231222202200003100303033213303230211303113330201133333200200223313233013001032333013311033232223003230333223331000211130120213130123132202203132120033111013313303311000013331100221112113103223031100233200020203002332001002303223123113130332220323013033000110000332220330311210002001301223020212233303200323130121223220133203333011002203203200001232001310100110333032123322020201123331321333323211200212133303000212102211200012223200031000220103301332003213013212223010323200200032031000022211230333211020200332220233113031230032103201301330013222220331013210003013021332213103303321121203001221130133133101031103121210032103210233033203020102000003103223032103333123230130213000210330123032313223220203103033101212223010230232223000132200222200123202032013332223333233203330330123203203333033200000201120023121223031333333013100203322231313032110223233030111232213310222223033103233322103032113211132011200031333222203203313230130102333221220220013330220101113322220003210111223210230213003122232213330200212323230100213123003200220123203133211123200223003200033031123200213021000322021113200130213211213323200230322002212031000331200331200110230203002132203030-------00000030021232103003310230033

113233323313313003320332100330???????????????????????????

Tripylocarpa100--0-0100011-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Futey, M.K., Gandolfo, M.A., Zamaloa, M.C. et al. Arecaceae Fossil Fruits from the Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Bot. Rev. 78, 205–234 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-012-9100-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-012-9100-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation