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Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Paleogene of the Northern Hemisphere

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Abstract

The extinct betulaceous genus Palaeocarpinus accommodates fossils with a mixture of characters shared by fruits of the extant genera Carpinus and Corylus. Originally described from the Paleocene of southeastern England, the genus has since been recognized in other parts of Europe, North America and Asia, and into the Eocene. Currently, descriptions exist for ten named Palaeocarpinus species. Here we present a comparative review of all known Palaeocarpinus species to evaluate morphology and diversity. We recognize a broader North American range for the Paleocene species P. joffrensis, and establish three new species, including two from the Paleocene of Wyoming, P. pterabaratra and P. pteravestigia, and one from the Eocene of Oregon, P. parva. We also update nomenclature for the species previously recognized from the Paleocene of France. Lastly, we discuss the morphological diversity and characteristics of bracts within Palaeocarpinus, and compare the involucres and nuts to those of extant Carpinus and Corylus to, and consider the evolutionary implications.

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Notes

  1. Abbe refers to the stele as a dictyostele; it is evident from the diagram that it is a eustele by modern standards and likely an artifact of changes in terminology

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dario De Franceschi of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, for his invaluable help researching the fossils of Menat and Indah Huegele, University of Florida, for her discussions on leaf morphology and suggestions on discussion of polymorphism and intraspecific variation of leaves. We also thank Kahleen B. Pigg, Arizona State University, for comments and permission for the use of images. This work was supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants INT 0074295, EAR 9220079, and EAR 0174295.

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  1. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7800, USA

    Julian E. Correa-Narvaez & Steven R. Manchester

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  1. Julian E. Correa-Narvaez
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  2. Steven R. Manchester
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Correspondence to Julian E. Correa-Narvaez.

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Correa-Narvaez, J.E., Manchester, S.R. Distribution and Morphological Diversity of Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Paleogene of the Northern Hemisphere. Bot. Rev. 88, 161–203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-021-09258-y

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