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Propofol Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

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Abstract

Our previous studies demonstrated that propofol protects rat brain against focal cerebral ischemia. However, whether propofol attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats remains unknown until now. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of propofol on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats and further explore the potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by endovascular perforation then received treatment with propofol (10 or 50 mg/kg) or vehicle after 2 and 12 h of SAH. SAH grading, neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, the myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured 24 h after SAH. Expression of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in rat brain were detected by Western blot. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed by ELISA. Neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, the myeloperoxidase activity, and MDA content were significantly reduced by propofol. Furthermore, expression of Nrf2 in rat brain was upregulated by propofol, and expression of NF-κB p65, AQP4, COX-2, MMP-9, TNF-α, and IL-1β in rat brain were attenuated by propofol. Our results demonstrated that propofol improves neurological scores, reduces brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, inflammatory reaction, and lipid peroxidation in rats of SAH. Propofol exerts neuroprotection against SAH-induced early brain injury, which might be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and lipid peroxidation.

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Acknowledgments

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100987), the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China (20113518120005), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2011 J05066), the Clinical Key Subject (Neurosurgery) Funding of Fujian Medical University, and the Key Laboratory (Neurosurgical Department) Funding from the Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, supported this work.

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    1. Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Neurosurgery Research Institute of Fujian Province, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China

      Song-sheng Shi, Hua-bin Zhang, Chun-hua Wang, Wei-zhong Yang, Ri-sheng Liang, Ye Chen & Xian-kun Tu

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    1. Song-sheng Shi
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    2. Hua-bin Zhang
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    Correspondence to Xian-kun Tu.

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    Song-sheng Shi and Hua-bin Zhang contributed equally to this work.

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    Shi, Ss., Zhang, Hb., Wang, Ch. et al. Propofol Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 57, 538–545 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-015-0634-2

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