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Removal of Rancid-Acid Odor of Expeller-Pressed Virgin Coconut Oil by Gamma Irradiation: Evaluation by Sensory and Electronic Nose Technology

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Abstract

Expeller-pressed virgin coconut oil, known to have disagreeable rancid-acid odor due to the presence of octanoic acid, was subjected to gamma (γ) irradiation for removal of the same. Sensory evaluation in tandem with electronic nose (Heracles and ENOVISION) analyses established that the oil irradiated at 4.2 kGy had no rancid-acid odor (absence of octanoic acid) at the end of 28 days of storage at 23 ± 2 °C. Therefore, 4.2 kGy was established as the “appropriate irradiation dose” for removal of rancid-acid odor of virgin coconut oil. A “deodorization index” with respect to rancid-acid odor was also developed using electronic nose for confirmation of this “appropriate dose” and thereby provided possible means of preventing detrimental effects of high dose of γ-irradiation in oils. GC–MS analysis of hydrocarbons extracted from oil irradiated at 4.2 kGy by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction revealed radiolysis of octanoic acid resulting in elimination of rancid-acid odor. Further, γ-irradiation at 4.2 kGy did not affect the antioxidant potency of coconut oil rendering it a safe and healthy alternative to conventional deodorization techniques for oils. Development of methodology for assessment of rancid-acid odor of coconut oil using electronic nose has been reported for the first time in this work.

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Acknowledgments

Probir Kumar Ghosh would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology-Innovations in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (DST-INSPIRE), Government of India, (IF: 131031) for providing financial assistance for the study. The authors acknowledge Herve Lechat, Fatma Ayouni, and Valerie Vabre of Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France, for their support on Heracles e-nose analysis. The authors thank Dr. T.K. Paine, Associate Professor, and Mr. Sreedhar Banerjee, JRF of Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata, for GC-MS facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India

    Probir Kumar Ghosh, Sabyasachi Chatterjee & Paramita Bhattacharjee

  2. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), E-2/1, Block-GP, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 091, India

    Nabarun Bhattacharyya

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  1. Probir Kumar Ghosh
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  2. Sabyasachi Chatterjee
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  3. Paramita Bhattacharjee
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Correspondence to Paramita Bhattacharjee.

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Ghosh, P.K., Chatterjee, S., Bhattacharjee, P. et al. Removal of Rancid-Acid Odor of Expeller-Pressed Virgin Coconut Oil by Gamma Irradiation: Evaluation by Sensory and Electronic Nose Technology. Food Bioprocess Technol 9, 1724–1734 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1752-8

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