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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals, Applications and Economic Perspectives

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Abstract

This review provides an updated overview of the most important applications of supercritical fluids in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant matrices. The main factors influencing the extraction yields, solubility, and manufacturing costs are described. Aspects concerning the operational processing in the extraction and fractionation are also discussed. The data compiled herein are focused on the extraction of essential oils, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols.

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Notes

  1. Data collected from the graphs of Damjanovic et al. (2006) using the software Pega Ponto 1.0 ©2006.

Abbreviations

CER:

Constant-extraction rate period

C OL :

Cost of operational labor

COM:

Cost of manufacturing

C RM :

Cost of the raw material

C UT :

Cost of utilities

C WT :

Cost of waste treatment

DCR:

A diffusion-controlled rate period

EtOH:

Ethyl alcohol

F CI :

Capital investment

FER:

Falling-extraction rate period

H :

Bed height

HPW:

High-pressure water

IsoC3:

Isopropyl alcohol

M CER :

Extraction rate for the CER period

m total :

Mass of extract

OEC:

Overall extraction curve

P :

Pressure

Q :

Flow rate of the supercritical solvent

R CER :

Yield of the CER period

SC-CO2 :

Supercritical carbon dioxide

SCF:

Supercritical fluids

SFE:

Supercritical fluid extraction

T :

Temperature

t :

Time

t CER :

time span of the CER period

X k :

Hardly accessible solute

X p :

Easily accessible solute

Y*:

Solubility of the compound in SCF

Y :

Ratio of solute mass to solvent mass at a given time at the extractor or bed outlet

Y CER :

Mass ratio of solute in the supercritical phase at the extractor outlet

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The authors are grateful to CNPq for the financial support.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering-UFRN, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, 3000, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil

    Camila G. Pereira

  2. LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Eng)/UNICAMP, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    M. Angela A. Meireles

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  1. Camila G. Pereira
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Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals, Applications and Economic Perspectives. Food Bioprocess Technol 3, 340–372 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-009-0263-2

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