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Acute and short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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Abstract

Cyhalofop-butyl is an aryloxyphenoxypropionate post-emergence herbicide widely used around the world in agriculture. The acute toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to embryos, larvae (12 and 72 h post-hatching), and adult zebrafish, as well as the short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to embryo and sac-fry stages, was tested. The results showed that the 96-h LC50 values of cyhalofop-butyl to embryos, 12 h post-hatching larvae, 72 h post-hatching larvae, and adult fish were 2.03, 0.58, 1.42, and 3.49 mg/L, respectively, suggesting zebrafish early life stages were more sensitive to cyhalofop-butyl than adult stage. Cyhalofop-butyl would inhibit the spontaneous movement, heartbeat, hatching rate of embryos, and the body length of surviving larvae of zebrafish at 1.00 mg/L or higher concentrations. Morphological abnormalities, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, deformation of tail, and deformation of spine, were induced by cyhalofop-butyl. The results indicated that cyhalofop-butyl had significant negative impacts on zebrafish at different life stages, and spontaneous movement and hatching rate were sensitive endpoints for assessing short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

APP:

aryloxyphenoxypropionate

DAD:

diode array detector

FET:

Fish Embryo Toxicity

hpf:

h post-fertilization

GR:

growth retardation

GST:

glutathione-S-transferases

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

IUPAC:

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

LOEC:

the lowest observed effect concentration

NOEC:

the no observed effect concentration

OECD:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

PE:

pericardial edema

SD:

spine deformation

TD:

tail deformation

UV:

ultraviolet

YSE:

yolk sac edema

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Acknowledgments

The present study was financially supported by National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology (Grant No. 2011BAE06B09) in China.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

      Fangjie Cao, Xiaoshan Liu, Chengju Wang, Mingqi Zheng, Xuefeng Li & Lihong Qiu

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    1. Fangjie Cao
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    2. Xiaoshan Liu
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    3. Chengju Wang
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    4. Mingqi Zheng
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    5. Xuefeng Li
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    6. Lihong Qiu
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    Correspondence to Lihong Qiu.

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    Responsible editor: Henner Hollert

    Fangjie Cao and Xiaoshan Liu contributed equally to this work.

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    Cao, F., Liu, X., Wang, C. et al. Acute and short-term developmental toxicity of cyhalofop-butyl to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 10080–10089 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6236-x

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6236-x

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