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Analysing State–Civil Society Associations Relationship: The Case of Lebanon

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Abstract

Civil society organizations in Lebanon have a long history, pre-dating even the existence of the Lebanese state itself, which has directly shaped their major phases of development since its creation. Based on the social origins theory and using the framework developed by Marchetti and Tocci (Peace Secur Former Pac Rev Peace Secur Glob Chang 21:201–217, 2009), this paper analyses the relationships that have developed between the state and civil society organizations in Lebanon. The main argument presented in this paper is that the scope of work of civil society organizations, in addition to their freedom of action, is directly linked to the social, political and economic development of the state. The main conclusion of this paper is that a new social contract should be forged between associations and the state in Lebanon, one that would allow them to carry out their functions properly.

Résumé

Au Liban, les organisations de la société civile ou OSC existent de longue date, précédant même la naissance de l’État libanais, ce qui a directement modelé les principales phases de développement de ce dernier. En se basant sur la théorie des origines sociales et à l’aide du cadre de travail créé par Marchetti et Tocci (2009), le présent article analyse les relations qui se sont formées entre l’État et les organisations de la société civile au Liban. Le principal argument avancé ici est que la portée du travail des OSC et leur liberté d’action sont directement liées au développement social, politique et économique de l’État. Cet article conclut qu’un nouveau contrat social devrait souder les associations à l’État du Liban, pour leur permettre d’exercer leurs fonctions adéquatement.

Zusammenfassung

Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen sind im Libanon seit langem präsent. Sie existierten bereits, bevor es überhaupt den libanesischen Staat gab, der seit seiner Gründung ihre wichtigsten Entwicklungsphasen geprägt hat. Beruhend auf der institutionellen Theorie (Social Origins Theory) und dem von Marchetti und Tocci (2009) entwickelten Rahmenwerk anlaysiert dieser Beitrag die Beziehungen, die sich zwischen dem Staat und den Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen im Libanon entwickelt haben. Das Hauptargument ist, dass neben der Handlungsfreiheit der Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen auch ihr Arbeitsbereich direkt mit der sozialen, politischen und ökonomischen Entwicklung des Staates in Verbindung steht. Man kommt zu der wesentlichen Schlussfolgerung, dass ein neuer Sozialvertrag zwischen Organisationen und dem libanesischen Staat in die Wege geleitet werden sollte, der ihnen die angemessene Ausübung ihrer Funktionen ermöglicht.

Resumen

Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en el Líbano tienen una larga historia, incluso anterior a la existencia del propio estado libanés, que ha dado forma directamente a sus principales fases de desarrollo desde su creación. Basándose en la teoría de los orígenes sociales y utilizando el marco desarrollado por Marchetti y Tocci (2009), el presente documento analiza las relaciones que se han desarrollado entre el estado y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en el Líbano. El principal argumento presentado en el presente documento es que el alcance de la labor de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, además de su libertad de acción, está vinculado directamente al desarrollo social, político y económico del estado. La principal conclusión del presente documento es que debe forjarse un nuevo contrato social entre las asociaciones y el estado del Líbano, un contrato que les permita llevar a cabo sus funciones de manera apropiada.

Chinese

黎巴嫩的民间团体组织历史悠久,其存在甚至早于黎巴嫩国家本身,而黎巴嫩国自其成立伊始,就直接塑造了民间团体组织的各个主要发展阶段。根据社会起源理论以及马尔谢蒂(Marchetti)与托西(Tocci)2009年所建立的框架,本论文对黎巴嫩国家与民间团体组织之间所形成的关系进行了分析。本论文所提出的观点是:除了行动自由,民间团体组织的工作范围还与国家的社会、政治与经济发展直接相关。本文的主要结论是:在黎巴嫩,民间团体与政府之间应当培养新的社会契约,该种社会契约应能让他们适当地执行其功能。

Arabic

منظمات المجتمع المدني في لبنان لديها تاريخ طويل، يرجع تاريخها حتى قبل وجود الدولة اللبنانية نفسها، التي شكلت مباشرة مراحل رئيسية لتطورها منذ إنشائها. إستنادا” إلى نظرية الأصول الإجتماعية وإستخدام الإطار الذي وضعه ( Marchett )و (Tocci 2009 )، فإن هذا البحث يحلل العلاقات التي نشأت بين مؤسسات الدولة والمجتمع المدني في لبنان.الجدال الرئيسي الذي تم تقديمه في هذا البحث هو نطاق عمل منظمات المجتمع المدني، بالإضافة إلى حرية عملها، ترتبط مباشرة في التنمية الإجتماعية، السياسية والإقتصادية للدولة. الإستنتاج الرئيسي من هذا البحث هو أن العقد الإجتماعي الجديد يجب أن يكون مزور بين الجمعيات والدولة في لبنان، أحد الذي من شأنه أن يسمح لهم بأداء مهامهم بشكل صحيح

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Correspondence to Tania Haddad.

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Haddad, T. Analysing State–Civil Society Associations Relationship: The Case of Lebanon. Voluntas 28, 1742–1761 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9788-y

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