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DNA Methylation Changes Induced in Rice by Exposure to High Concentrations of the Nitric Oxide Modulator, Sodium Nitroprusside

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Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that participates at physiological concentrations in diverse regulatory pathways. However, when NO concentration reaches levels higher than normal, it is sensed as a stress, which results in epigenetic alterations and chromatin remodeling in plants. Here, we showed that exposure to 0.5 mM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, induces stress symptoms in rice seedlings that result in complete growth inhibition. Moreover, these stress symptoms in SNP-treated plants were found to be associated with methylation changes in genomic DNA, which predominantly involve hypomethylation at the CHG sites. Concomitant with these changes, transcriptional activation of a number of genes and transposable elements (TEs) was also observed. Further analysis revealed that expression of four genes, Chromomethylase 3 (OsCMT3), deficient in DNA methylation 1 (OsDDM1a), OsDDM1b, and DEMETER (OsDME), involved in chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation homoeostasis have been specifically perturbed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31200198), the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2013CBA01404), the Ministry of Education of China (No.20120043120012), and the Joint Center for Plant Genetic Research between Northeast Normal University and Washington State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Author Contributions

XFO, TTZ, SR, and BAL conceived and designed the experiments. XFO, TTZ, WCY, YLM, BW, YHZ, and LXY performed the experiments. CMX contributed reagents/ materials/analysis tools. XFO, BL, SR, and DvW wrote the paper.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

    Xiufang Ou, Tingting Zhuang, Wenchao Yin, Yiling Miao, Bo Wang, Yunhong Zhang, Xiuyun Lin, Chunming Xu & Bao Liu

  2. Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China

    Tingting Zhuang

  3. Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China

    Xiuyun Lin

  4. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Diter von Wettstein & Sachin Rustgi

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  1. Xiufang Ou
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  2. Tingting Zhuang
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  3. Wenchao Yin
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  4. Yiling Miao
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  5. Bo Wang
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  6. Yunhong Zhang
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  7. Xiuyun Lin
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  8. Chunming Xu
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  9. Diter von Wettstein
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  10. Sachin Rustgi
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  11. Bao Liu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sachin Rustgi or Bao Liu.

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Xiufang Ou and Tingting Zhuang contributed equally to this work.

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Ou, X., Zhuang, T., Yin, W. et al. DNA Methylation Changes Induced in Rice by Exposure to High Concentrations of the Nitric Oxide Modulator, Sodium Nitroprusside. Plant Mol Biol Rep 33, 1428–1440 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0843-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0843-9

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