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Cancer chemopreventive pharmacology of phytochemicals derived from plants of dietary and non-dietary origin: implication for alternative and complementary approaches

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Abstract

The poor survival statistics of the fatal cancer diseases highlight the need for multiple alternative treatment options. An impressive embodiment of evidence shows that naturally occurring herbal products contain a wide variety of phytochemicals that are regarded as effective cancer protective agents, possessing the ability to retard, block or reverse carcinogenesis. These include dietary agents often termed as nutraceuticals and also the components of non-dietary plants. Many studies in different cell lines, animal models and human epidemiological trials suggest a protective role of a large number of medicinal molecules of herbal origin against different types of cancers. The standard chemotherapeutic regime against cancer faces an unequivocal challenge due to the severity of the side-effects and the post therapeutic management of the disease. Cancer control may therefore benefit from the anti-cancer potential of alternative therapies that may include herbal treatment which nonetheless has been an effective curative strategy reported for a number of diseases since ancient times. In congruence of the above idea, it has been observed that in recent years the demand to utilize alternative approaches to the treatment of cancer is escalating. Additionally, the emergence of resistance to cancer chemotherapy has forced researchers to turn to natural products of herbal and marine origin. Currently, in the armamentarium of anti-cancer pharmaceuticals there are effective plant-derived drugs such as paclitaxel (a complex taxane diterpene isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia) which acts as microtubule disruptor. Further there are plant-based dietary agents such as sulphoraphane (an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables) and non-dietary agents such as pomiferin (an isoflavonoid from Maclura pomifera) which strongly mimic chemotherapeutic drugs such as vorinostat (suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid) possessing histone diacetylase inhibition activity. In this review we provide a comprehensive outline of the translational potential of plant-based herbal medicine for complementing the current treatment modalities as an adjuvant or alternative therapy for cancer patients.

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Acknowledgments

We thankfully acknowledge the authors and the publishers of the articles from where the Figs. 1, 2 and 4 have been reproduced. Further we wish to admittedly mention that although we tried to provide a comprehensive overview on the subject we might have inadvertently missed few good studies and relevant observations related to the field of study.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this manuscript.

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  1. Prince Fahad Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad F. Ullah, Showket H. Bhat, Eram Husain & Faisel Abu-Duhier

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India

    S. M. Hadi

  3. Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 707 HWCRC, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Fazlul H. Sarkar & Aamir Ahmad

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Ullah, M.F., Bhat, S.H., Husain, E. et al. Cancer chemopreventive pharmacology of phytochemicals derived from plants of dietary and non-dietary origin: implication for alternative and complementary approaches. Phytochem Rev 13, 811–833 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9341-9

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