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Assessment of vegetation and soil conditions in restored mangroves interrupted by severe tropical typhoon ‘Chan-hom’ in the Philippines

  • BIODIVERSITY IN ASIAN COASTAL WATERS
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Abstract

Using a space-for-time substitution approach, we investigated the effects of a typhoon on the vegetation and soil development trajectories of monospecific stands of Rhizophora mucronata mangroves of different ages (6-, 8- 10-, 11-, 12-, 17-, 18- and 50-year stands). The vegetation and soil parameters were compared to a reference system comprised of mature, natural mangrove stands. Pre-typhoon measures of vegetation and soil parameters were compared with 1-mo, 7-mo and 9-mo post-typhoon. Prior to the occurrence of the typhoon, there were clear patterns of vegetation and soil development with age of the stands. The development trajectory was however interrupted by the occurrence of the typhoon. Severe damage was more apparent in older mangrove stands (11- and 18- year stands) with very low to no damage in the younger stands. The typhoon-impacted sites experienced a number of changes, including: complete defoliation; reduced living tree densities of 61–69 %; decreased above-ground biomass of 70–79 %; increased soil nutrient levels of 40–60 %; more waterlogged soils by at least 113 % and increased soil temperature of 8–10 °C. Cumulative tree mortality, compounded by the lack of seedling recruits and unfavourable soil conditions may limit long-term recovery of the typhoon-impacted stands.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Ford Foundation-International Fellowship Program (FORD-IFP) and International Foundation for Science (IFS; D/4667-1) for providing financial assistance throughout the study period; the University of Queensland Research Scholarship grant for providing financial support to SS; the Local Government Units and mangrove managers; and Jack Rengel and Tommy Conzaga for assisting in the field sampling. SS thank the Ateneo de Manila University for providing conference support grant, which facilitated the presentation of this manuscript to the international symposium ‘Biodiversity in Changing Coastal Waters of Asia and Subtropical Asia’ in Amakusa, Japan in November 2012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Ateneo de Manila University, 1108, Quezon City, Philippines

    Severino G. Salmo III

  2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Severino G. Salmo III & Catherine E. Lovelock

  3. College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

    Severino G. Salmo III

  4. Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Norman C. Duke

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  1. Severino G. Salmo III
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  2. Catherine E. Lovelock
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Correspondence to Severino G. Salmo III.

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Guest editors: M. Tokeshi & H. T. Yap / Biodiversity in Changing Coastal Waters of Tropical and Subtropical Asia

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Salmo, S.G., Lovelock, C.E. & Duke, N.C. Assessment of vegetation and soil conditions in restored mangroves interrupted by severe tropical typhoon ‘Chan-hom’ in the Philippines. Hydrobiologia 733, 85–102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1766-4

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