Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of natural and calcined starfish (Asterina pectinifera) on the stabilization of Pb, Zn and As in contaminated agricultural soil

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Metal stabilization using soil amendments is an extensively applied, economically viable and environmentally friendly remediation technique. The stabilization of Pb, Zn and As in contaminated soils was evaluated using natural starfish (NSF) and calcined starfish (CSF) wastes at different application rates (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 wt%). An incubation study was conducted over 14 months, and the efficiency of stabilization for Pb, Zn and As in soil was evaluated by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. The TCLP-extractable Pb was reduced by 76.3–100 and 91.2–100 % in soil treated with NSF and CSF, respectively. The TCLP-extractable Zn was also reduced by 89.8–100 and 93.2–100 % in soil treated with NSF and CSF, respectively. These reductions could be associated with the increased metal adsorption and the formation of insoluble metal precipitates due to increased soil pH following application of the amendments. However, the TCLP-extractable As was increased in the soil treated with NSF, possibly due to the competitive adsorption of phosphorous. In contrast, the TCLP-extractable As in the 10 % CSF treatment was not detectable because insoluble Ca–As compounds might be formed at high pH values. Thermodynamic modeling by visual MINTEQ predicted the formation of ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in the 10 % CSF-treated soil, while SEM–EDS analysis confirmed the needle-like structure of ettringite in which Pb was incorporated and stabilized in the 10 % CSF treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adriano, D. C. (2001). Trace elements in terrestrial environments (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, M., Hashimoto, Y., Moon, D. H., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2012a). Immobilization of lead in a Korean military shooting range soil using eggshell waste: an integrated mechanistic approach. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 209–210, 392–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, M., Lee, S. S., Lim, J. E., Lee, S. E., Cho, J. S., Moon, D. H., et al. (2014a). Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell, cow bone and biochar: EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions. Chemosphere, 95, 433–441.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, M., Lee, S. S., Yang, J. E., Ro, H. M., Lee, Y. H., & Ok, Y. S. (2012b). Effects of soil dilution and amendments (mussel shell, cow bone, and biochar) on Pb availability and phytotoxicity in military shooting range soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 79, 225–231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lim, J. E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., et al. (2014b). Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review. Chemosphere, 99, 19–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, M., Usman, A. R. A., Lee, S. S., Kim, S. C., Joo, J. H., Yang, J. E., et al. (2012c). Eggshell and coral wastes as low cost sorbents for the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18, 198–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Almaroai, Y. A., Vithanage, M., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lee, S. S., Dou, X., Lee, Y. H., et al. (2014). Natural and synthesised iron-rich amendments for As and Pb immobilisation in agricultural soil. Chemistry and Ecology, 30, 267–279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2010). Chapter 12—Nutrient cycles and soil fertility. Elements of the nature and properties of soils (3rd ed., pp. 396–454). New York: MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Q. Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X. M., & Carey, P. (2009). Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilization: A review. Waste Management, 29, 390–403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, J., Lee, J. Y., & Yang, J. S. (2009). Biosorption of heavy metals and uranium by starfish and Pseudomonas putida. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 157–162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gee, G. W., & Or, D. (2002). Particle-size analysis. In J. H. Dane & G. C. Topp (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 4, Physical methods (pp. 255–293). Madison: Soil Science Society of America Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gougar, M. L. D., Scheetz, B. E., & Roy, D. M. (1996). Ettringite and C-S-H Portland cement phases for waste ion immobilization: A review. Waste Management, 16, 295–303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson, J. P. (2012). Visual MINTEQ ver. 3.0. KTH. Stockholm, Sweden.

  • Havlin, J. L., Beaton, J. D., Tisdale, S. L., & Nelson, W. L. (2005). Chapter 5—Phosphorus. Soil fertility and fertilizers—An introduction to nutrient management (7th ed., pp. 160–198). New Jersey: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jang, J. Y., Yi, S., Jung, I. Y., Choi, E. H., Jo, U. H., Seo, J. M., et al. (2011). Aphicidal activity of starfish (Asterina pectinifera) extracts against green peach aphid (Myzus Persicae). Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, 30, 173–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H. S., Kim, K. R., Kim, H. J., Yoon, J. H., Yang, J. E., Ok, Y. S., et al. (2015). Effect of biochar on heavy metal immobilization and uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in agricultural soil. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74, 1249–1259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kostarelos, K., Reale, D., Dermatas, D., Rao, E., & Moon, D. H. (2006). Optimum dose of lime and fly ash for treatment of hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus, 6, 171–189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumpiene, J., Lagerkvist, A., & Maurice, C. (2008). Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments—A review. Waste Management, 28, 215–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. M., Kim, W. G., Yang, J. K., & Tiwari, D. (2010). Sorption behaviour of manganese-coated calcined-starfish and manganese-coated sand for Mn(II). Environmental Technology, 31, 445–453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. H., Lee, J. S., Choi, Y. J., & Kim, J. G. (2009). In situ stabilization of cadmium-, lead-, and zinc-contaminated soil using various amendments. Chemosphere, 77, 1069–1075.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. S., Lim, J. E., Abd El-Azeem, S. A. M., Choi, B., Oh, S. E., Moon, D. H., et al. (2013). Heavy metal immobilization in soil near abandoned mines using eggshell waste and rapeseed residue. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 1719–1726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. E., Ahmad, M., Lee, S. S., Shope, C. L., Hashimoto, Y., Kim, K. R., et al. (2013a). Effects of lime-based waste materials on immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium and lead in contaminated soil. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 41, 1235–1241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. E., Ahmad, M., Usman, A. R. A., Lee, S. S., Jeon, W. T., Oh, S. E., et al. (2013b). Effect of natural and calcined poultry waste on Cd, Pb and As mobility in contaminated soil. Environmental Earth Sciences, 69, 11–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. E., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2015a). Efficiency of poultry manure biochar for stabilization of metals in contaminated soil. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 58, 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. E., Moon, D. H., Kim, D., Kwon, O. K., Yang, J. E., & Ok, Y. S. (2009). Evaluation of the feasibility of oyster-shell and eggshell wastes for stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 31, 1095–1104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. E., Moon, D. H., Kim, K. R., Yang, J. E., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2015b). Heavy metal stabilization in soils using waste resources—A critical review. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 58, 157–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MoE. (2014). The Korean warning standard for agricultural land. Sejong: Ministry of Environment (MoE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, D. H., Cheong, K. H., Khim, J., Wazne, M., Hyun, S., Park, J. H., et al. (2013a). Stabilization of Pb2+ and Cu2+ contaminated firing range soil using calcined oyster shells and waste cow bones. Chemosphere, 91, 1349–1354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, D. H., Dermatas, D., & Menounou, N. (2004). Arsenic immobilization by calcium-arsenic precipitates in lime treated soils. Science of the Total Environment, 330, 171–185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, D. H., Kim, K. W., Yoon, I. H., Grubb, D. G., Shin, D. Y., Cheong, K. H., et al. (2011). Stabilization of arsenic-contaminated mine tailings using natural and calcined oyster shells. Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 597–605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, D. H., Park, J. W., Chang, Y. Y., Ok, Y. S., Lee, S. S., Ahmad, M., et al. (2013b). Immobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 8464–8471.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moon, D. H., Wazne, M., Yoon, I. H., & Grubb, D. G. (2008). Assessment of cement kiln dust (CKD) for stabilization/solidification (S/S) of arsenic contaminated soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159, 512–518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NFRDI. (2008). Marine fauna and flora around the artificial reefs in the vicinity of Busan. Busan: National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI).

    Google Scholar 

  • NIAS (2016). Korean Soil Information System (http://soil.rda.go.kr/soil/index.jsp). Wanju: National Institute of Agricultural Science (NIAS).

  • NIAST. (2000). Method of soil and plant analysis. Suwon: National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, F. A., Smith, S. R., Alloway, B. J., Carlton-Smith, C., & Chambers, B. J. (2003). An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales. The Science of the Total Environment, 311, 205–219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ok, Y. S., Kim, S. C., Kim, D. G., Skousen, J. G., Lee, J. S., Cheong, Y. W., et al. (2011a). Ameliorants to immobilize Cd in rice paddy soils contaminated by abandoned metal mines in Korea. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 33, 23–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ok, Y. S., Lee, S. S., Jeon, W. T., Oh, S. E., Usman, A. R. A., & Moon, D. H. (2011b). Application of eggshell waste for the immobilization of cadmium and lead in a contaminated soil. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 33, 31–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ok, Y. S., Lim, J. E., & Moon, D. H. (2011c). Stabilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils and soil quality improvements using waste oyster shells. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 33, 83–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ok, Y. S., Oh, S. E., Ahmad, M., Hyun, S., Kim, K. R., Moon, D. H., et al. (2010). Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils. Environmental Earth Sciences, 61, 1301–1308.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ok, Y. S., Usman, A. R. A., Lee, S. S., Abd El-Azzem, S. A. M., Choi, B., Hashimoto, Y., et al. (2011d). Effects of rapeseed residue on lead and cadmium availability and uptake by rice plants in heavy metal contaminated paddy soil. Chemosphere, 85, 677–682.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, H. Y., Lee, J. I., Nam, K. H., & Jang, M. S. (2012). Physiochemical characteristics of calcium supplement manufactured using starfish. Korean Journal of Food Preservation, 19, 727–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rinklebe, J., & Shaheen, S. M. (2014). Assessing the mobilization of cadmium, lead, and nickel using a seven-step sequential extraction technique in contaminated floodplain soil profiles along the central Elbe River, Germany. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 225, 2039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rinklebe, J., & Shaheen, S. M. (2015). Miscellaneous additives can enhance plant uptake and affect geochemical fractions of copper in a heavily polluted riparian grassland soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 119, 58–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinklebe, J., Shaheen, S. M., & Frohne, T. (2016). Amendment of biochar reduces the release of toxic elements under dynamic redox conditions in a contaminated floodplain soil. Chemosphere, 142, 41–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaheen, S. M., & Rinklebe, J. (2015). Impact of emerging and low cost alternative amendments on the (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of Cd and Pb in a contaminated floodplain soil. Ecological Engineering, 74, 319–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, D. C. W., Olds, W. E., Weber, P. A., & Yip, A. C. K. (2013). Soil stabilisation using AMD sludge, compost and lignite: TCLP leachability and continuous acid leaching. Chemosphere, 93, 2839–2847.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, D. C. W., & Yip, A. C. K. (2014). Comparing chemical-enhanced washing and waste-based stabilisation approach for soil remediation. Journal of Soils Sediments, 14, 936–947.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, D. C. W., Yip, A. C. K., Olds, W. E., & Weber, P. A. (2014). Arsenic and copper stabilisation in a contaminated soil by coal fly ash and green waste compost. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 10194–10204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • USEPA. (1992). Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, Method 1311. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA. (2007). Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils, Method 3051A. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Usman, A. R. A., Lee, S. S., Awad, Y. M., Lim, K. J., Yang, J. E., & Ok, Y. S. (2012). Soil pollution assessment and identification of hyperaccumulating plants in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated sites, Korea. Chemosphere, 87, 872–878.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, L., Tsang, D. C. W., & Poon, C. S. (2015). Green remediation and recycling of contaminated sediment by waste-incorporated stabilization/solidification. Chemosphere, 122, 257–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, S. C., Li, X. D., Zhang, G., Qi, S. H., & Min, Y. S. (2002). Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Environmental Pollution, 119, 33–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J. K., Yu, M. R., & Lee, S. M. (2006). Preparation of Fe(III)-coated starfish and evaluation of the removal capacity of copper. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality, 22, 172–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X. L., & Masaihiko, S. (2007). Amelioration of cadmium polluted paddy soils by porous hydrated calcium silicate. Water, Air, and Soil pollution, 183, 309–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2015R1A2A2A11001432, Contribution: 90 %). The XRD and SEM–EDX analyses were performed at the Central Laboratory of Kangwon National University in Korea. The XRF analysis was performed at the National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities of Seoul National University. This work was also partly supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (PJ010899) of the Rural Development Administration of Korea.

Author information

Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea

      Jung Eun Lim & Yong Sik Ok

    2. Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea

      Jung Eun Lim & Jwa Kyung Sung

    3. Environmental Science and Engineering Strand, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia

      Binoy Sarkar

    4. Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

      Hailong Wang

    5. Department of Bioapplications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan

      Yohey Hashimoto

    6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

      Daniel C. W. Tsang

    Authors
    1. Jung Eun Lim
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    2. Jwa Kyung Sung
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    3. Binoy Sarkar
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    4. Hailong Wang
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    5. Yohey Hashimoto
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    6. Daniel C. W. Tsang
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    7. Yong Sik Ok
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Yong Sik Ok.

    Additional information

    Jwa Kyung Sung have contributed equally to this study as a co-first author.

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    About this article

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this article

    Lim, J.E., Sung, J.K., Sarkar, B. et al. Impact of natural and calcined starfish (Asterina pectinifera) on the stabilization of Pb, Zn and As in contaminated agricultural soil. Environ Geochem Health 39, 431–441 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9867-4

    Download citation

    • Received:

    • Accepted:

    • Published:

    • Issue Date:

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9867-4

    Keywords

    Search

    Navigation