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Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils

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Abstract

In Korea, soils adjacent to abandoned mines are commonly contaminated by heavy metals present in mine tailings. Further, the disposal of oyster shell waste by oyster farm industries has been associated with serious environmental problems. In this study, we attempted to remediate cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soils typical of those commonly found adjacent to abandoned mines using oyster shell waste as a soil stabilizer. Natural oyster shell powder (NOSP) and calcined oyster shell powder (COSP) were applied as soil amendments to immobilize Cd and Pb. The primary components of NOSP and COSP are calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium oxide (CaO), respectively. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope analyses conducted in this study revealed that the calcination of NOSP at 770°C converted the less reactive CaCO3 to the more reactive CaO. The calcination process also decreased the sodium content in COSP, indicating that it was advantageous to use COSP as a liming material in agricultural soil. After 30 days of incubation, we found that the 0.1 N HCl-extractable Cd and Pb contents in soil decreased significantly as a result of an increase in the soil pH and the formation of metal hydroxides. COSP was more effective in immobilizing Cd and Pb in the contaminated soil than NOSP. Overall, the results of this study suggest that oyster shell waste can be recycled into an effective soil ameliorant.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (Project number: 2009-0071439). Instrumental analysis was supported by a grant from the Institute of Environmental Research, the Research Institute of Agricultural Science, and the Central Laboratory of Kangwon National University, Korea. The authors also thank Jung Eun Lim for conducting incubation experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea

    Yong Sik Ok, Sang-Eun Oh, Mahtab Ahmad, Sang Soo Lee, Kyoung Jae Lim & Jae E. Yang

  2. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea

    Seunghun Hyun & Kwon-Rae Kim

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea

    Deok Hyun Moon

  4. National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administrations, Suwon, 441-857, Korea

    Weon-Tai Jeon

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  1. Yong Sik Ok
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  2. Sang-Eun Oh
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  3. Mahtab Ahmad
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  4. Seunghun Hyun
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  5. Kwon-Rae Kim
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  6. Deok Hyun Moon
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  7. Sang Soo Lee
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  8. Kyoung Jae Lim
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  9. Weon-Tai Jeon
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  10. Jae E. Yang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yong Sik Ok or Weon-Tai Jeon.

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Ok, Y.S., Oh, SE., Ahmad, M. et al. Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils. Environ Earth Sci 61, 1301–1308 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0674-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0674-4

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