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Immobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar

  • Contaminated Land, Ecological Assessment and Remediation Conference Series (CLEAR 2012) : Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessments
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Abstract

Soybean stover-derived biochar was used to immobilize lead (Pb) in military firing range soil at a mass application rate of 0 to 20 wt.% and a curing period of 7 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The mechanism responsible for Pb immobilization in military firing range soil was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analyses. The treatment results showed that TCLP Pb leachability decreased with increasing biochar content. A reduction of over 90 % in Pb leachability was achieved upon treatment with 20 wt.% soybean stover-derived biochar. SEM-EDX, elemental dot mapping and XAFS results in conjunction with TCLP leachability revealed that effective Pb immobilization was probably associated with the pozzolanic reaction products, chloropyromorphite and Pb-phosphate. The results of this study demonstrated that soybean stover-derived biochar was effective in immobilizing Pb in contaminated firing range soil.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment as "Green Remediation Research Center for Organic–inorganic Combined Contamination (The GAIA Project-2012000550001)." This study was also supported by the Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment as The GAIA (Geo-Advanced Innovative Action) Project (no. 173-111-040).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea

    Deok Hyun Moon

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea

    Jae-Woo Park

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea

    Yoon-Young Chang

  4. Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea

    Yong Sik Ok, Sang Soo Lee & Mahtab Ahmad

  5. Mechanical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA

    Agamemnon Koutsospyros

  6. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea

    Jeong-Hun Park

  7. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 570-752, Republic of Korea

    Kitae Baek

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  1. Deok Hyun Moon
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  2. Jae-Woo Park
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  7. Agamemnon Koutsospyros
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Correspondence to Deok Hyun Moon.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Moon, D.H., Park, JW., Chang, YY. et al. Immobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 8464–8471 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1964-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1964-7

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