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Organoclay-modified electrodes: preparation, characterization and recent electroanalytical applications

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Abstract

Amperometric sensors dedicated to the determination of pollutants and other compounds of interest face daily a great challenge: the development of sensitive, reproducible and low-cost devices allowing fast analyses. This review deals with the beneficial role and application of organoclays exploited as sensing materials in various fields of electroanalysis, for the past 15 years (period 2000–2014). After a description of different preparation methods leading to clay minerals chemically modified by organic compounds, the common methods used for their characterization are exposed; then, their application as electrode modifiers is described, covering several approaches that were developed to enhance either the sensitivity or the selectivity of the indexed organoclay-based sensors. Finally, a brief description of voltammetric methods frequently used for electroanalytical purposes is given, followed by an update of recent and salient results achieved for the detection of inorganic and organic electroactive compounds or ions.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2,4-DCP:

2,4-Dicholorophenol

2Mpy:

o-(2-Mercaptopyridine)

4MPy:

p-(4-mercaptopyridine)

APTES:

γ-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane

AQ:

Anthraquinone

ASCV:

Anodic stripping cyclic voltammetry

ASDPV:

Anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry

ATTA:

Attapulgite

BHIC:

1-Benzyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) imidazolium chloride

BT:

Bentonite

BTMA:

Benzyltrimethylammonium

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

CMC:

Carboxymethylcellulose

CPE:

Carbon paste electrode

CPTES:

3-Chloropropyltriethoxysilane

CTA:

Cetyltrimethylammonium

DDA:

Dodecylamine

DDBA:

Dodecyl dimethylbenzylammonium

DDMA:

Didodecyldimethyl ammonium

DDTMA:

Dodecyltrimethylammonium

DO2+ :

P-Phenylenedimethylene bis dodecyl N,N dimethylammonium dibromide

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

EASA:

Electro-assisted self-assembly

EIS:

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

EG:

Expanded graphite

FHT:

Fluorohectorite

GA:

Gallic acid

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

HDTBP:

Hexadecyltributhylphosphonium

HDTMA:

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium

HEPC:

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-pyridiniumchloride

HV/RDE:

Hydrodynamic voltammetry/rotating disk electrode

Im:

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride

KT:

Kaolinite

MAS-NMR:

Magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance

MAT:

2-Mercapto-5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole

MC:

Methylcellulose

MCC:

Methylcarboxycellulose

MMT:

Montmorillonite

MPTMS:

3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane

MCV:

Multisweep cyclic voltammetry

nd:

Not determined

OME:

Organoclay-modified electrode

OP:

1,10-Phenanthroline

PANI:

Polyaniline

PCH-SHn%:

Thiol-functionalized porous clay heterostructures (with n varying between 4 and 35)

PMB:

Poly(methyleneblue)

PPMA:

Phosphomolybdic acid

PPTA:

Phosphotungstic acid

PTMPA:

Phenyltrimethylammonium

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Ru(bpy)3 2+ :

Tris(2,2′bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

SA:

Salicylic acid

SCE:

Saturated calomel electrode

SM:

Smectite

SSA:

Specific surface area

SWV:

Square wave voltammetry

TBAB:

Tetrabutylammonium bromide

TDD:

1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol

TEA:

Triethanolamine

TEOS:

Tetraethoxysilane

TMA:

Tetramethylammonium

TMPA:

Trimethylpropylammonium

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). The joint donation by the International Union of Crystallography (UICr) and Bruker AXS SAS (France) of a powdered X-Ray diffractometer (Siemens D5005) to the University of Dschang is also acknowledged.

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  1. Ignas K. Tonle

    Present address: Fakultät für Chemie, Elektroanalytik und Sensorik, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Ignas K. Tonle & Francis M. M. Tchieno

  2. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Ignas K. Tonle & Emmanuel Ngameni

  3. Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement, UMR 7564, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 405, rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600, Villers-lès-Nancy, France

    Alain Walcarius

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Tonle, I.K., Ngameni, E., Tchieno, F.M.M. et al. Organoclay-modified electrodes: preparation, characterization and recent electroanalytical applications. J Solid State Electrochem 19, 1949–1973 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2728-0

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