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Shocked monazite chronometry: integrating microstructural and in situ isotopic age data for determining precise impact ages

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Abstract

Monazite is a robust geochronometer and occurs in a wide range of rock types. Monazite also records shock deformation from meteorite impact but the effects of impact-related microstructures on the U–Th–Pb systematics remain poorly constrained. We have, therefore, analyzed shock-deformed monazite grains from the central uplift of the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa, and impact melt from the Araguainha impact structure, Brazil, using electron backscatter diffraction, electron microprobe elemental mapping, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Crystallographic orientation mapping of monazite grains from both impact structures reveals a similar combination of crystal-plastic deformation features, including shock twins, planar deformation bands and neoblasts. Shock twins were documented in up to four different orientations within individual monazite grains, occurring as compound and/or type one twins in (001), (100), \(\left( 10\bar{1} \right)\), \(~\{110\}\), \(\left\{ 212 \right\},\) and type two (irrational) twin planes with rational shear directions in \([0\bar{1}\bar{1}]\) and \([\bar{1}\bar{1}0]\). SIMS U–Th–Pb analyses of the plastically deformed parent domains reveal discordant age arrays, where discordance scales with increasing plastic strain. The correlation between discordance and strain is likely a result of the formation of fast diffusion pathways during the shock event. Neoblasts in granular monazite domains are strain-free, having grown during the impact events via consumption of strained parent grains. Neoblastic monazite from the Inlandsee leucogranofels at Vredefort records a 207Pb/206Pb age of 2010 ± 15 Ma (2σ, n = 9), consistent with previous impact age estimates of 2020 Ma. Neoblastic monazite from Araguainha impact melt yield a Concordia age of 259 ± 5 Ma (2σ, n = 7), which is consistent with previous impact age estimates of 255 ± 3 Ma. Our results demonstrate that targeting discrete microstructural domains in shocked monazite, as identified through orientation mapping, for in situ U–Th–Pb analysis can date impact-related deformation. Monazite is, therefore, one of the few high-temperature geochronometers that can be used for accurate and precise dating of meteorite impacts.

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Acknowledgements

TME acknowledges financial support from an International Post-Graduate Research Grant from Curtin University Office of Research and Development and from the ARC Core to Crust Fluid System COE. The ARC (LE130100053), Curtin University, University of Western Australia and CSIRO are acknowledged for funding the Tescan Mira3 FEG-SEM housed in the John De Laeter Centre’s Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility. The authors would like to thank Ben Wade at Adelaide Microscopy for collecting the EPMA maps. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers and editor Prof. O. Müntener for the detailed and insightful comments that have substantially improved this manuscript.

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  1. TIGeR (The Institute of Geoscience Research), Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, 1984, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Timmons M. Erickson, Nicholas E. Timms, Christopher L. Kirkland, Aaron J. Cavosie & Steven M. Reddy

  2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Eric Tohver

  3. NASA Astrobiology Institute, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Aaron J. Cavosie

  4. CSIRO Mineral Resources, Australian Resources Research Centre, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

    Mark A. Pearce

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  1. Timmons M. Erickson
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Erickson, T.M., Timms, N.E., Kirkland, C.L. et al. Shocked monazite chronometry: integrating microstructural and in situ isotopic age data for determining precise impact ages. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 11 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1328-2

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