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Microstructural constraints on the mechanisms of the transformation to reidite in naturally shocked zircon

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Abstract

Zircon (ZrSiO4) is used to study impact structures because it responds to shock loading and unloading in unique, crystallographically controlled manners. One such phenomenon is the transformation of zircon to the high-pressure polymorph, reidite. This study quantifies the geometric and crystallographic orientation relationships between these two phases using naturally shocked zircon grains. Reidite has been characterized in 32 shocked zircon grains (shocked to stages II and III) using a combination of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and focused ion beam cross-sectional imaging techniques. The zircon-bearing clasts were obtained from within suevite breccia from the Nördlingen 1973 borehole, close to the center of the 14.4 Ma Ries impact crater, in Bavaria, Germany. We have determined that multiple sets (up to 4) of reidite lamellae can form in a variety of non-rational habit planes within the parent zircon. However, EBSD mapping demonstrates that all occurrences of lamellar reidite have a consistent interphase misorientation relationship with the host zircon that is characterized by an approximate alignment of a {100}zircon with a {112}reidite and alignment of a {112}zircon with a conjugate {112}reidite. Given the tetragonal symmetry of zircon and reidite, we predict that there are eight possible variants of this interphase relationship for reidite transformation within a single zircon grain. Furthermore, laser Raman mapping of one reidite-bearing grain shows that moderate metamictization can inhibit reidite formation, thereby highlighting that the transformation is controlled by zircon crystallinity. In addition to lamellar reidite, submicrometer-scale granules of reidite were observed in one zircon. The majority of reidite granules have a topotaxial alignment that is similar to the lamellar reidite, with some additional orientation dispersion. We confirm that lamellar reidite likely forms via a deviatoric transformation mechanism in highly crystalline zircon, whereas granular reidite forms via a reconstructive transformation from low-crystallinity ZrSiO4 within the reidite stability field. The results of this study further refine the formation mechanisms and conditions of reidite transformation in naturally shocked zircon.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Gisele Pösges, Deputy Director of the Ries Crater Museum, for supplying the samples. TME acknowledges financial support from a Curtin International Postgraduate Research Scholarship from Curtin University Office of Research and Development. AJC acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (EAR-1145118) and the NASA Astrobiology program. MAP was supported by a CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive Postdoctoral Fellowship. Analytical costs were supported by the ARC Core to Crust Fluid System Centre of Excellence. The ARC (LE130100053), Curtin University, University of Western Australia, and CSIRO are acknowledged for funding the Tescan Mira3 FEG-SEM housed in the John de Laeter Centre’s Microscopy & Microanalysis Facility at Curtin University. The Tescan Lyra3 FIB-SEM is part of the Australian Resource Characterisation Facility (ARCF), under the auspices of the National Resource Sciences Precinct (NRSP)—a collaboration between CSIRO, Curtin University and The University of Western Australia—and is supported by the Science and Industry Endowment Fund. We would like to thank Gordon Moore for thorough editorial handling and two anonymous reviewers for their significant improvements to the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1984, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Timmons M. Erickson, Steven M. Reddy, Nicholas E. Timms, Aaron J. Cavosie & Alexander A. Nemchin

  2. CSIRO Mineral Resources, Australian Resources Research Centre, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

    Mark A. Pearce

  3. NASA Astrobiology Institute, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Aaron J. Cavosie

  4. Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR, 00681, USA

    Aaron J. Cavosie

  5. CSIRO Energy, Australian Resources Research Centre, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

    Julien Bourdet

  6. Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box 1984, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    William D. A. Rickard

  7. Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

    Alexander A. Nemchin

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  1. Timmons M. Erickson
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Erickson, T.M., Pearce, M.A., Reddy, S.M. et al. Microstructural constraints on the mechanisms of the transformation to reidite in naturally shocked zircon. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1322-0

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