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The characteristic pattern of multiple colored layers in coastal stratified lakes in the process of separation from the White Sea

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Abstract

An unusual feature of the saline stratified lakes that were formed due to ongoing postglacial uplift on the White Sea coast is the presence of several differently colored thin layers in the zone with sharp gradients. Colored layers in five lakes at various stages of separation from the sea were investigated using optical microscopy, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, and photobiology. The upper greenish colored layer located in the aerobic strata of all lakes near the compensation depth of 1% light penetration contains green algae. In the chemocline, another layer, brightly green, red or pink, is dominated by mixotrophic flagellates. Despite the very low light intensities and the presence of H2S, active photosynthesis by these algae appears to be occurring, as indicated by high values of the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry, electron transport activity, photosynthetic activity of photosystem II, the fraction of active centers, and low values of heat dissipation. In the reduced zone of the chemocline, a dense green or brown suspension of anoxygenic phototrophs (green sulfur bacteria) is located.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, bld. 12, Moscow, 119234, Russia

    Elena D. Krasnova, Dmitry N. Matorin, Tatiana A. Belevich & Daria A. Todorenko

  2. Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University; GSP-1, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Ludmila E. Efimova

  3. Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Anastasiia V. Kharcheva & Svetlana V. Patsaeva

  4. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnoj Dviny Emb. 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia

    Natalia M. Kokryatskaya & Galina N. Losyuk

  5. A. A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny Per. 19, bld.1, Moscow, 127051, Russia

    Dmitry A. Voronov

  6. A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Bld. 40, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Dmitry A. Voronov

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  1. Elena D. Krasnova
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  2. Dmitry N. Matorin
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  3. Tatiana A. Belevich
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  4. Ludmila E. Efimova
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  9. Dmitry A. Voronov
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  10. Svetlana V. Patsaeva
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Correspondence to Elena D. Krasnova.

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The characteristic pattern of multiple colored layers in coastal stratified lakes in the process of separation from the White Sea

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Krasnova, E.D., Matorin, D.N., Belevich, T.A. et al. The characteristic pattern of multiple colored layers in coastal stratified lakes in the process of separation from the White Sea. J. Ocean. Limnol. 36, 1962–1977 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-018-7323-2

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