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Links between bacteria derived from penguin guts and deposited guano and the surrounding soil microbiota

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Abstract

Penguins are an important indicator of marine ecosystem health and a major contributor of nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems in Antarctica. Their stomach microbiota is influenced by both the prey consumed and their foraging environment in the sea. As penguins feed at sea and breed on land, they might be expected to transfer microbes (e.g. prey-associated and marine bacteria) as well as nutrients from their stomachs while regurgitating food or in their guano to the surrounding terrestrial environment. However, most research attention to date has focused separately on the penguin gut microbiota (via cloacal/guano samples) and the terrestrial soil microbiota, and any relationship between them has yet to be established. Here, we analysed the bacterial communities in stomach regurgitates and cloacal swabs from the same individual birds, freshly deposited guano and rookery soils of two Pygoscelis penguins that breed sympatrically on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic) using a high-throughput DNA sequencing method. Our data do not support the hypothesis that bacteria transferred from penguin guts and/or deposited guano make a significant contribution to the communities of the surrounding terrestrial microbial ecosystem. In both penguin species, composition of bacterial communities differed between the four sample types, with Jaccard similarities ranging between 10 and 36%. Assemblages of the dominant and co-occurring bacterial communities in rookery soils were either significantly negatively correlated or not correlated with the three other sample types. Sample-specific communities were also identified in this study, contributing around 63% of the identified diversity overall.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation (YPASM) and University of Malaya Research Grant (UMRG: RP007-2012A). Laboratory resources were provided by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and Northumbria University. We thank University of Malaya for supporting Visiting Professors David A. Pearce (under Visiting Professor Scheme) and Peter Convey (under Academic Icon Programme) to the National Antarctic Research Centre. Wen Chyin Yew is a recipient of MyBrain scholarship (MyPhD) funded by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. Peter Convey and Michael J Dunn are supported by NERC core funding to the BAS “Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation” and “Ecosystems” teams, respectively. This paper also contributes to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research “State of the Antarctic Ecosystem” research programme (AntEco).

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  1. National Antarctic Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wen Chyin Yew, David Anthony Pearce, Siti Aisyah Alias, Azizan Abu Samah & Peter Convey

  2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wen Chyin Yew

  3. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wen Chyin Yew & Siti Aisyah Alias

  4. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    David Anthony Pearce, Michael James Dunn, Stacey Adlard & Peter Convey

  5. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Ellison Building, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 8ST, UK

    David Anthony Pearce

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  1. Wen Chyin Yew
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All procedures involving animals followed internationally recognised CCAMLR CEMP standard methods and were in accordance with the ethical standards of the British Antarctic Survey.

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Yew, W.C., Pearce, D.A., Dunn, M.J. et al. Links between bacteria derived from penguin guts and deposited guano and the surrounding soil microbiota. Polar Biol 41, 269–281 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2189-x

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