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The crucial elements of the ‘last step’ of programmed cell death induced by kinetin in root cortex of V. faba ssp. minor seedlings

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Abstract

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Kinetin-induced programmed cell death, manifested by condensation, degradation and methylation of DNA and fluctuation of kinase activities and ATP levels, is an autolytic and root cortex cell-specific process.

Abstract

The last step of programmed cell death (PCD) induced by kinetin in the root cortex of V. faba ssp. minor seedlings was explained using morphologic (nuclear chromatin/aggregation) and metabolic (DNA degradation, DNA methylation and kinases activity) analyses. This step involves: (1) decrease in nuclear DNA content, (2) increase in the number of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained chromocenters, and decrease in chromomycin A3 (CMA3)-stained chromocenters, (3) increase in fluorescence intensity of CMA3-stained chromocenters, (4) condensation of DAPI-stained and loosening of CMA3-stained chromatin, (5) fluctuation of the level of DNA methylation, (6) fluctuation of activities of exo-/endonucleolytic Zn2+ and Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent nucleases, (7) changes in H1 and core histone kinase activities and (8) decrease in cellular ATP amount. These results confirmed that kinetin-induced PCD was a specific process. Additionally, based on data presented in this paper (DNA condensation and ATP depletion) and previous studies [increase in vacuole, increase in amount of cytosolic calcium ions, ROS production and cytosol acidification “in Byczkowska et al. (Protoplasma 250:121–128, 2013)”], we propose that the process resembles autolytic type of cell death, the most common type of death during development of plants. Lastly, the observations also suggested that regulation of these processes might be under control of epigenetic (methylation/phosphorylation) mechanisms.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mrs. M. Fronczak for her help in preparing this manuscript in English and Prof. J. Barciszewski from Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences from Poznań for helpful discussion, and Mrs. E. Kuźniak-Gębarowska from Department of Physiology University of Łódź for possibility of usage Fluorescence/Luminescence Spectrophotometer F to measurements of kinase activities and ATP level.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland

    Magdalena Doniak & Andrzej Kaźmierczak

  2. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland

    Mirosława Z. Barciszewska

  3. School of Polish for Foreigners, University of Łódź, Matejki 21/23, 90-231, Lodz, Poland

    Joanna Kaźmierczak

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  1. Magdalena Doniak
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  2. Mirosława Z. Barciszewska
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  3. Joanna Kaźmierczak
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  4. Andrzej Kaźmierczak
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Correspondence to Andrzej Kaźmierczak.

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Communicated by Prakash P. Kumar.

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Doniak, M., Barciszewska, M.Z., Kaźmierczak, J. et al. The crucial elements of the ‘last step’ of programmed cell death induced by kinetin in root cortex of V. faba ssp. minor seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 33, 2063–2076 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1681-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1681-9

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