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Dietary analysis on the shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus using Illumina sequencing

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Abstract

Environmental conditions in hydrothermal vents are considered to be unsuitable for most marine organisms due to discharge of hot and acidic water with high sulfur content. The crab Xenograpsus testudinatus is endemic to the shallow-water hydrothermal vents of Kueishan Island, Taiwan. This study aimed to provide detailed information on the composition of eukaryotes and prokaryotes in the gut and stomach of X. testudinatus by using Illumina sequencing of the 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. The mangrove crab Perisesarma bidens was also studied to compare the diet and gut microbial fauna of crabs from different habitats. X. testudinatus was found to feed on a wide array of organisms including algae, fishes, bivalves, copepods, and anthozoans, whereas P. bidens was found to feed mainly on Magnoliopsida plants. Soil bacteria such as Rodobacteraceae and cyanobacteria such as Oscillatoriphycidae were present in both crabs, but Mycoplasmataceae and Helicobacteraceae were found only in X. testudinatus. Our findings suggest that both X. testudinatus and P. bidens are scavengers feeding on both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The results facilitate understanding of the feeding ecology of X. testudinatus and provide a database for the food web dynamics of shallow-water hydrothermal vents.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the students and technicians in the laboratories of CKW and JSH for their assistance. The work was supported by a Direct Grant for Research from The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Project no. 4053106 & 4053038) to CKW and a research grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 104-2621-M-019-002) to JSH.

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  1. Simon FS Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Tsz Wai Ho & Chong Kim Wong

  2. Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan

    Jiang-Shiou Hwang

  3. School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Man Kit Cheung & Hoi Shan Kwan

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  1. Tsz Wai Ho
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Suppl. Figure 1

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) 2D plots of 18S rDNA libraries based on weighted, normalized UniFrac distance matrix. (a) PC1 vs PC2; (b) PC1 vs PC3; (c) PC2 vs PC3. MG (red) = gut content of Perisesarma bidens; MS (blue) = stomach content of P. bidens; NWG (orange) = gut content of Xenograpsus testudinatus captured in white vents in 2012; NWS (green) = stomach content of X. testudinatus captured in white vents in 2012; NYG (purple) = gut content of X. testudinatus captured in yellow vents in 2012; NYS (yellow) = stomach content of X. testudinatus captured in yellow vents in 2012; OWG (light blue) = gut content of X. testudinatus captured in white vents in 2011; OWS (pink) = stomach content of X. testudinatus captured in white vents in 2011. Percentages of total variation explained by each axis are shown in brackets (PPTX 273 kb)

Suppl. Figure 2

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) 2D plots of 16S rDNA libraries based on weighted, normalized UniFrac distance matrix. (a) PC1 vs PC2; (b) PC1 vs PC3; (c) PC2 vs PC3. MG (red) = gut content of Perisesarma bidens; MS (blue) = stomach content of P. bidens; NWG (orange) = gut content of Xenograpsus testudinatus captured in white vents in 2012; NWS (green) = stomach content of X. testudinatus captured in white vents in 2012; NYG (purple) = gut content of X. testudinatus captured in yellow vents in 2012; NYS (yellow) = stomach content of X. testudinatus captured in yellow vents in 2012; OWG (light blue) = gut content of X. testudinatus captured in white vents in 2011; OWS (pink) = stomach content of X. testudinatus captured in white vents in 2011. Percentages of total variation explained by each axis are shown in brackets (PPTX 272 kb)

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Ho, T.W., Hwang, JS., Cheung, M.K. et al. Dietary analysis on the shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus using Illumina sequencing. Mar Biol 162, 1787–1798 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2711-z

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