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Independent roles for the dorsal paraflocculus and vermal lobule VII of the cerebellum in visuomotor coordination

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Abstract

Two distinct areas of cerebellar cortex, vermal lobule VII and the dorsal paraflocculus (DPFl) receive visual input. To help understand the visuomotor functions of these two regions, we compared their afferent and efferent connections using the tracers wheatgerm agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) and biotinilated dextran amine (BDA). The sources of both mossy fibre and climbing fibre input to the two areas are different. The main mossy fibre input to lobule VII is from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), which relays visual information from the superior colliculus, while the main mossy fibre input to the DPFl is from the pontine nuclei, relaying information from cortical visual areas. The DPFl and lobule VII both also receive mossy fibre input from several common brainstem regions, but from different subsets of cells. These include visual input from the dorsolateral pons, and vestibular–oculomotor input from the medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) and the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (Nph). The climbing fibre input to the two cerebellar regions is from different subdivisions of the inferior olivary nuclei. Climbing fibres from the caudal medial accessory olive (cMAO) project to lobule VII, while the rostral MAO (rMAO) and the principal olive (PO) project to the DPFl. The efferent projections from lobule VII and the DPF1 are to all of the recognised oculomotor and visual areas within the deep cerebellar nuclei, but to separate territories. Both regions play a role in eye movement control. The DPFl may also have a role in visually guided reaching.

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Abbreviations

3N:

Nucleus of the third (oculomotor) cranial nerve

4N:

Nucleus of the fourth (trochlear) cranial nerve

VII, VIII, IX:

Vermal lobules

12N:

Hypoglossal (12th) nerve nucleus

gVII:

Genu of the facial (seventh) nerve

Cr I:

Cerebellar hemisphere Crus I

Cr II:

Cerebellar hemisphere Crus II

DPFl:

Dorsal paraflocculus

EOLRt:

Epi-olivary lateral reticular nucleus

Fl:

flocculus

β:

Beta subnucleus

DAO:

Dorsal accessory olive

dc:

Dorsal cap

dmcc:

Dorsomedial cell column

MAO:

Medial accessory olive

cMAO:

Caudal MAO

rMAO:

Rostral MAO

PO:

Principal olive

dlPO:

Dorsal lamella of the principal olive

vlPO:

Ventral lamella of the principal olive

vlo:

Ventrolateral outgrowth

IPN:

Interpeduncular nucleus

LVN:

Lateral vestibular nucleus

MVe:

Medial vestibular nucleus

NL:

Lateral cerebellar (dentate) nucleus

NIA:

Anterior interposed cerebellar nucleus

NIP:

Posterior interposed cerebellar nucleus

NM:

Medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus

Nph:

Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi

Nrgc:

Nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis

Nrpa:

Dorsal raphé nucleus

Nrpc:

Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis

Nrpo:

Nucleus reticularis pontis oralis

NRTP:

nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis

PAG:

Periaqueductal gray

ped:

Cerebral peduncle

pl:

Petrosal lobule

PMD:

Paramedian lobule

PN:

Pontine nuclei

dp:

Dorsal peduncular

dl:

Dorsolateral

dm:

Dorsomedial

l:

Lateral

m:

Medial

r:

Rostral

v:

Ventral

PRN:

Paramedian reticular nucleus

Nrpd:

Dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus

Nrpv:

Ventral paramedian reticular nucleus

Rn:

Raphe nuclei

SO:

Superior olive

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Acknowledgments

Supported by the Human Frontiers Research Program and the Volkswagen Foundation. We are grateful to Alan Gibson and Sandy Arthurs for providing the image analysis software.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, England

    Ines Kralj-Hans & Mitchell Glickstein

  2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Joan S. Baizer

  3. Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, England

    Catherine Swales

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  1. Ines Kralj-Hans
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  2. Joan S. Baizer
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  3. Catherine Swales
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  4. Mitchell Glickstein
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Correspondence to Mitchell Glickstein.

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Kralj-Hans, I., Baizer, J.S., Swales, C. et al. Independent roles for the dorsal paraflocculus and vermal lobule VII of the cerebellum in visuomotor coordination. Exp Brain Res 177, 209–222 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0661-x

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