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Vestibulocerebellar Functional Connections

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

Abstract

The vestibular system projects onto the cerebellum via three major pathways that are composed of primary and secondary vestibular mossy fiber afferents and vestibular climbing fibers. Vestibular primary afferent mossy fibers project to the ipsilateral vermal lobules IX–X and to the base of the sulci of several other vermal lobules. Secondary vestibular mossy fibers originate from the classic vestibular nuclei, lateral, medial, descending and superior vestibular nuclei (DVN, LVN, MVN, and SVN). These mossy fibers terminate in vermal lobules IX–X (uvula-nodulus) and hemispheric lobule X (flocculus). The vestibular nuclei receive convergent vestibular, optokinetic, and neck proprioceptive information. Vestibular afferents project to vermal lobules IX–X as climbing fibers that originate from two sub-nuclei of the inferior olive, the dorsomedial cell column (DMCC) and β-nucleus. These sub-nuclei receive secondary vestibular afferent projections from the ipsilateral parasolitary nucleus (Psol). The Psol receives primary afferent vestibular afferent projections from the ipsilateral vertical semicircular canals and otoliths, but not from the horizontal semicircular canals.

Functionally, vestibular climbing fiber projections are arrayed in sagittal zones, establishing a mediolateral map on vermal lobules IX–X that encodes all possible head angles during movement. Electrophysiological evidence shows that climbing fiber signals are preeminent in modulating both the CSs (complex spikes) and SSs (simple spikes) of cerebellar Purkinje cells. This discharge is fed back onto neurons in the dorsal aspect of the DVN, LVN, MVN, prepositus hypoglossal nucleus (NPH) and nuclei within the ventral brainstem. The vestibulocerebellum imposes a climbing fiber-constructed coordinate system on postural responses and permits adaptive guidance of movement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Neal H. Barmack

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA

    Vadim Yakhnitsa

Authors
  1. Neal H. Barmack
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  2. Vadim Yakhnitsa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Neal H. Barmack .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Scripps Research Institute Dept. Neuropharmacology, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna Gruol

  3. Dept. Neurology, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy Schmahmann

  4. Gunma University Dept. Integrative Physiology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Baylor College of Medicine Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy Sillitoe

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

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Barmack, N.H., Yakhnitsa, V. (2021). Vestibulocerebellar Functional Connections. In: Manto, M., Gruol, D., Schmahmann, J., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_18-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_18-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97911-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97911-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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