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Genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy mitigated NSAID-associated gastric damages

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Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (a cyclooxygenase-2-independent mechanism) and consequent autophagic cell death are responsible for NSAID-associated gastric damage. Therefore, alleviating cytotoxicity executed via ER stress and autophagy can be a strategy to prevent NSAID-associated gastric damage. Here, we explored whether genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy can mitigate NSAID-associated gastric damage in in vitro and in vivo models. To examine the effects of genetic inhibition of NSAID-associated autophagy, we administered indomethacin to RGM1 gastric mucosal cells transfected with shPERK, siLC3B, or shATG5 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B knock-out (LC3B−/−) mice. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) was used for pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy in both models. Indomethacin administration increased the expression of ER stress proteins including GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP. Indomethacin provoked the appearance of autophagic vesicles with the increased expression of ATG5 and LC3B-II. Genetic ablation of various ER stress genes significantly attenuated indomethacin-induced autophagy and apoptosis (p < 0.01), whereas knock-down of either ATG5 or LC3B significantly reduced indomethacin-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.01). Testing each of the genes implicated in ER stress and autophagy showed that indomethacin leads to gastric cell apoptosis through autophagy induction consequent to ER stress. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with either 3-MA or CQ in rats or genetic ablation of LC3B in mice all had a significant rescuing effect against indomethacin-associated gastric damage (p < 0.01) and a decrease in molecular markers of autophagic and apoptotic gastric cells. In conclusion, preemptive autophagy inhibition can be a potential strategy to mitigate NSAID-associated gastric damage.

Key messages

  • NSAID administration triggered ER stress and subsequent autophagy.

  • Inhibition of autophagy resulted in attenuated NSAID-associated cytotoxicity.

  • Autophagy inhibitors represent a novel strategy to prevent NSAID-associated gastric damage.

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Acknowledgements

The current study was granted by The Korean Society of Upper GI Disease and Helicobacter, by a National Research Foundation grant of Korea government (2010-0002052), and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2014R1A1A2058732).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea

    Chan Young Ock

  2. CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex and Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea

    Jong-Min Park, Young-Min Han, Migyeong Jeong & Ki Baik Hahm

  3. Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, 460-740, South Korea

    Mi-Young Kim & Ki Baik Hahm

  4. Laboratory of Chemoprevention, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-740, South Korea

    Ho Jae Lee

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  1. Chan Young Ock
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Chan Young Ock and Jong-Min Park contributed equally

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Ock, C.Y., Park, JM., Han, YM. et al. Genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy mitigated NSAID-associated gastric damages. J Mol Med 95, 405–416 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-016-1491-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-016-1491-3

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