Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Schlafstörungen im Kindesalter

Sleep disorders during infancy and childhood

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Für Schlafstörungen gibt es verschiedene Klassifikationssysteme. In der von der American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) herausgegebenen International Classification of Sleep Disorders, die seit 2005 in einer überarbeiteten Fassung vorliegt (ICSD-2), werden sie in acht Hauptkategorien eingeteilt [1]. Hierzu zählen die Insomnien, schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen, Hypersomnien, zirkadiane Rhythmusstörungen, Parasomnien, schlafbezogene Bewegungsstörungen, Einzelsymptome/Normvarianten/ungelöste Probleme sowie sonstige Schlafstörungen. Schlafstörungen stellen ein häufiges Problem im Kindesalter dar, mindestens 20% der Kinder im Grundschulalter beschreiben Schlafprobleme. Sie gehen nicht selten mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Hyperaktivität, Konzentrationsstörungen und daraus resultierenden Schulschwierigkeiten einher. Für verschiedene Schlafstörungen – wie beispielsweise das obstruktive Schlafapnoesyndrom – sind zudem somatische Folgeerkrankungen sowie Wachstums- und Gedeihstörungen beschrieben [2, 3]. Daher sind ein frühzeitiges Erkennen, eine differenzierte diagnostische und differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung sowie die Einleitung entsprechender therapeutischer Maßnahmen erforderlich.

Abstract

Several different systems are used to classify sleep disorders. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2), established in 2005 by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), utilizes eight different categories [1]: insomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnias, circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias, sleep-related movement disorders, isolated symptoms/normal variants/unresolved issues, as well as other sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are a frequent problem during infancy and childhood, and at least 20% of children in elementary school describe having sleep problems, which are often accompanied by abnormal behavior, hyperactivity, and lack of concentration and result in problems at school. Several sleep disorders, for example, obstructive sleep apnea, have been observed to cause physical diseases as well as growth and developmental problems [2, 3]. Thus, it is essential to detect the problem early, to obtain a differentiated diagnosis, and initiate appropriate therapeutic measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4

Literatur

  1. American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005) International classification of sleep disorders, diagnostic and coding manual, 2. Aufl. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester, Illinois

  2. Blunden S, Lushington K, Kennedy D et al (2000) Behavior and neurocognitive performance in children aged 5–10 years who snore compared to controls. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 22:554–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Marcus CL, Greene MG, Carroll JL (1998) Blood pressure in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:1098–1103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ali NJ, Pitson D, Stradling JR (1996) Sleep disordered breathing: effects of adenotonsillectomy on behaviour and psychological functioning. Eur J Pediatr 155:56–62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Marcus CL (2000) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: differences between children and adults. Sleep 15(23 Suppl 4):140–141

    Google Scholar 

  6. Paditz E, Gräther M, Koch R et al (1999) Häufigkeit von OSAS-Symptomen im Kleinkindesalter – Vorstudie, Multizenterstudie der AG Pädiatrie DGSM. Somnologie 3:313–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lumeng JC, Chervin RD (2008) Epidemiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc 155(2):242–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Ceccherini I et al (2010) An official ATS clinical policy statement: congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181:626–644

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M et al (1994) The Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale: validation of a measure of symptoms in the narcoleptic syndrome. J Sleep Res 3:52–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Silber MH, Krahn LE, Olsone EJ, Pankratz VS (2002) The epidemiology of narcolepsy in Olmsteadt Country, Minnesota: a population-based study. Sleep 25:197–202

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dauvilliers Y, Montplaisir J, Molinari N et al (2001) Age at onset of narcolepsy in two large populations of patients in France and Quebec. Neurology 57:2029–2033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mayer G, Kesper K, Peter H et al (2002) The implications of gender and age at onset of first symptoms in narcoleptic patients in Germany – results from retrospective evaluation of hospital records. Somnologie 6:13–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Weber P, Lütschg J (2004) Melatoninbehandlung bei einem blinden, entwicklungsretardierten Säugling. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152:762–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kraenz S, Fricke L, Wiater A et al (2003) Schlafprobleme bei Schulanfängern. Kinder Jugendarzt 34:562–569

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wills L, Garcia J (2002) Parasomnias: epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 16:803–810

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Szelenberger W, Niemcewicz S, Dabrowska AJ (2005) Sleepwalking and night terrors: psychopathological and psychophysiological correlates. Int Rev Psychiatry 17:263–270

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Allen RP, Earley CJ (2007) The role of iron in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 22:440–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Clarenbach P (1992) Schlafstörungen im Rahmen neurologischer Erkrankungen. In: Berger M (Hrsg) Handbuch des normalen und gestörten Schlafs. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 329–356

  19. Fricke-Oeckermann L, Fröhlich J, Lehmkuhl G, Wiater A (2007) Schlafstörungen – Leitfaden Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie, Bd. 8. Hogrefe, Göttingen

  20. Wiater A, Mitschke AR, Widdern S v et al (2005) Sleep disorders and behavioural problems among 8- to 11-year-old-children. Somnology 9:210–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Paavonen EJ, Aronen ET, Piha J et al (2000) Sleep problems of school-aged children: a complementary view. Acta Paediatr 89:223–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chervin RD, Hedger K, Dillon JE, Pituch KJ (2000) Pediatric Sleep Questionare (PSQ) validy and reliability of scales for sleep-disordered breathing, snoring, sleepiness, and behavioral problems. Sleep Med 1:21–32

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Handwerker G (2006) Epworth Sleepiness Scale für Kinder (ESS-K). In: Schulz H (Hrsg) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin. Kompendium Schlafmedizin für Ausbildung, Klinik und Praxis. ecomed Medizin

  24. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (1998) A manual of standardized terminology, techniques, and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service – National Institutes of Health

  25. Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A et al (2007) The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules terminology and technical specifications, 1. Aufl. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester, Illinois

  26. Katz ES, Marcus CL (2005) Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in infants and children. In: Sheldon SH, Ferber R, Kryger MH (Hrsg) Principles and practice od pediatric sleep medicine. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, S 197–210

  27. Schläfke ME, Schäfer C, Schäfer T (1999) Das Undine Syndrom als kongenitales zentrales Hypoventilationssyndrom (CCHS). Somnologie 3:128–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Schäfer T, Schäfer D, Schläfke ME (1993) Breathing, transcutaneous blood gases, and CO2 response in SIDS siblings and control infants during sleep. J Appl Physiol 74:88–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M et al (1994) The Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale: validation of a measure of symptoms in the narcoleptic syndrome. J Sleep Res 3:52–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sturzenegger C, Bassetti C (2004) The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res 13:395–406

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Schenck C, Pareja J, Patterson A, Mahowald M (1998) Analysis of polysomnographic events surrounding 252 slow-wave sleep arousals in thirty-eight adults with injurious sleepwalking and sleep terrors. J Clin Neurophysiol 15:159–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Allen RP, Earley CJ (2007) The role of iron in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 22:440–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Means MK, Lichstein KL, Epperson MT, Johnson CT (2000) Relaxation therapy for insomnia: nighttime and daytime effects. Behav Res Ther 38:665–678

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Harvey AG, Payne S (2002) The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery vs. general distraction. Behav Res Ther 40:267–277

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Rogers AE, Aldrich MS, Lin X (2001) A comparison of three different sleep schedules for reducing daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Sleep 24:385–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kinderklinik, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein, Urbacher Weg 19, 51149, Köln, Deutschland

    C. Gottschalk, P. Scheuermann & A. Wiater

Authors
  1. C. Gottschalk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Scheuermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Wiater
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Gottschalk.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gottschalk, C., Scheuermann, P. & Wiater, A. Schlafstörungen im Kindesalter. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 54, 1303–1310 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1377-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1377-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation