Abstract
Cast iron is one of the oldest technical alloys (engineered cast materials) used for creating objects. From the very beginning of casting, foundrymen were fighting to avoid casting defects. In the beginning a successfully produced casting was associated with witchcraft. Cast component producers suffer substantial yearly expenses due to rejecting or repairing castings. This present work will summarize research efforts to understand the formation mechanisms of defects, performed in collaboration with Swedish foundries during the last few years. It will focus on defects specific to the casting of gray iron components and the studied defects: gas porosity, shrinkage porosity and metal expansion penetration. Novell experimental set up has been developed or existing methods have been improved to study defect formation mechanisms. Today we can realize that casting without defects is possible only by approaching the defect formation mechanism with multidisciplinary science.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dugic, I., “The Mechanism of Metal Expansion Penetration During Solidification of Gray Cast Iron,” Linköping Studies in Science and Technology, Dissertation No. 1007, (2006).
Orlenius, J., “Factors Related to the Formation of Gas Porosity in Gray Cast Iron,” Research Series from Chalmers University of Technology, ISSN 1653-8891, Licentiate Theses. (2008).
Elmquist, L., “Defect Formation during Solidification in Gray Cast Iron,” Research Series from Chalmers University of Technology, PhD Theses. (2009).
Dawson, J.V., Kilshaw, J.A., Morgan, A.D., “The Nature and Origin of Gas Holes in Iron Castings,” AFS Transactions, vol 73, pp 224–240 (1965).
Hernandez, B., Wallace, J.F., “Mechanisms of Pinhole Formation in Gray Iron,” AFS Transactions, vol 87, pp 335–348 (1979).
Dawson, J.V., “Pinhole Defects,” BCIRA, Report 653, pp 433–437 (1962).
Svoboda, J.M., “Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry Relating to Gases in Cast Metals,” Gases in Cast Metals; Williamsburg; VA; 24–26 Mar. 1976, 46 pp (1976).
Svensson, I., “Influence of Deoxidation Practice on Hydrogen Pick-up in Steel Melts,” Solidification Technology in the Foundry and Cast House; Coventry; England; 15–17 Sept. 1980, pp 253–262 (1983).
Svensson, I., Fredriksson, H.S., “Effect of Hydrogen and Nitrogen on Formation of Pores in Iron,” Solidification Technology in the Foundry and Cast House; Coventry; England; 15–17 Sept. 1980, pp 376–380 (1983).
Fruehan, R.J., “Gases in Metals,” ASM Handbook, vol 15, pp 82–87 (1988).
Shusen, W., Libiao, W., “The Variation of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen Levels in Cast Iron with Varying Blast-Air Moisture,” Cast Metals, vol 5, no 2, pp 87–91 (1992).
Carter, S.F., Evans, W.J., Harkness, J.C., Wallace, J.F., “Factors Influencing the Formation of Pinholes in Gray and Ductile Iron,” AFS Transactions, vol 88, pp 245–268 (1980).
Caspers, K.-H., “Influence of Steel Scrap and Burden Additives in Induction Furnaces on the Tendency for Defect Formation in Cast Iron,” AFS International Cast Metals Journal, vol 2, No 29, pp 29–32 (1977).
Orlenius, J., Gotthardsson, U., and Diószeg, A., Submitted to International Journal of Cast Metals Research. (2008).
Winardi, L., Loper, C.R., “Influence of Bismuth Addition on Primary Austenite Dendrite in Gray Cast Iron”, AFS Transactions, vol 112, pp 723–742 (2004).
Diószegi, A., Liu, K.Z., and Svensson, I.L., “Inoculation of Primary Austenite in Grey Cast Iron,” International Journal of Cast Metals Research. Vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 68–72 (2007).
Rivera, J.L., Boeri, R.E., Sikora, J.A., “Solidification of Gray Cast Iron,” Scripta Materialia, vol. 50, pp. 331–335, (2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Diószegi, A., Elmquist, L., Orlenius, J. et al. Defect Formation of Gray Iron Casting. Inter Metalcast 3, 49–58 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03355458
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03355458