Abstract
In this study, an Al/Al2O3-Al3Ni hybrid nanocomposite was developed on the surface of Al6061-T6 plate with preplaced NiO powder on its surface using friction-stir processing (FSP). The x-ray diffraction results showed that NiO particles were reduced by Al during FSP and Al3Ni and Al2O3 were formed as in situ reaction products. A thermodynamic analysis indicated that the reaction is thermodynamically possible and exothermic. Thus, the reaction that is initiated by the severe plastic deformation and friction associated with FSP could continue by the heat that is generated by the exothermic reaction. During each FSP pass, the FSP products are detached quickly from the interface and the growth of the particles is limited and nanometer-sized reinforcements were produced. The presence of facet and hexagonal nanoparticles in transmission electron microscopy micrographs of the stir zone confirmed the formation of Al3Ni and Al2O3 nanoreinforcements, respectively. Mechanical test results showed that the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength in the stir zone of nanocomposite decreased due to the dissolution of precipitates in Al6061-T6 during FSP. The tribological properties of Al6061 at 350°C were significantly improved by developing surface Al/Al2O3-Al3Ni nanocomposite.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ASM Handbook Committee, Properties and selection: nonferrous alloys and special-purpose materials.ASM Handbook, Vol. 2 (Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1993), pp. 15–20.
A.K.P. Rao, K. Das, B.S. Murty, and M. Chakraborty, J. Wear 257, 148 (2004).
M. Harun, I.A. Talib, and A.R. Daud, J. Wear 194, 54 (1996).
A.G. Wang and I.M. Hutchings, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 5, 71 (1989).
M. Gui and S.B. Kang, J. Mater. Lett. 46, 296 (2000).
C. Hu and T.N. Baker, J. Mater. Sci. 30, 891–897 (1995).
E. Yun and S. Lee, J. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 3478 (2006).
A.N. Attia, Mater. Des. 22, 451 (2001).
R.S. Mishra, Z.Y. Ma, and I. Charit, Mater. Sci. Eng. 341, 307 (2003).
J.Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, and C.J. Sterling, J. Scr. Mater. 52, 135 (2005).
J.Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, and C.J. Sterling, J. Mater. Res. 18, 1757 (2003).
Y. Morisada, H. Fujii, T. Nagaoka, and M. Fukusumi, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 419, 344 (2006).
Y. Mazaheri, F. Karimzadeh, and M.H. Enayati, J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 211, 1614 (2011).
J. Qiana, J. Li, J. Xiong, F. Zhang, and X. Lin, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 550, 279 (2012).
C.J. Hsu, C.Y. Chang, P.W. Kao, N.J. Ho, and C.P. Chang, J. Acta Mater. 54, 5241 (2006).
H.S. Choo, K.Y. Lee, Y.S. Kim, and J.H. Wee, Intermetallics 13, 157 (2005).
L. Ke, C. Huang, L. Xing, and K. Huang, J. Alloy. Compd. 503, 494 (2010).
G.R. Cui, Z.Y. Ma, and S.X. Li, J. Acta Mater. 57, 5718 (2009).
E. Dastanpoor, M.H. Enayati, and F. Karimzadeh, Adv. Powder Technol. 25, 519 (2014).
S.Z. Anvari, F. Karimzadeh, and M.H. Enayati, J. Alloy. Compd. 477, 178 (2009).
H. Sieber, J.S. Park, J. Weissmüller, and J.H. Perepezko, J. Acta Mater. 49, 1139 (2001).
S.R. Anvari, F. Karimzadeh, and M.H. Enayati, J. Alloy. Compd. 562, 48 (2013).
R.S. Mishra and Z.Y. Ma, J. Mater. Sci. Eng. R 50, 1 (2005).
O. Kubaschewski, C.B. Alocock, and P.J. Spencer, Materials Thermochemistry, 6th ed. (New York: Pergamon, 1993).
S. Prakrathi, M. Ravikumar, K.R. Udupa, and K. Udaya, Bhat. J. Mater. Sci. 2013, 1 (2013).
P.M.G.P. Moreira, T. Santos, S.M.O. Tavares, V. Richter-Trummer, P. Vilaça, and P.M.S.T. de Castro, J. Mater. Des. 30, 180 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Adel Mehraban, F., Karimzadeh, F. & Abbasi, M.H. Development of Surface Nanocomposite Based on Al-Ni-O Ternary System on Al6061 Alloy by Friction-Stir Processing and Evaluation of Its Properties. JOM 67, 998–1006 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1383-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1383-y