Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ALEMI: A Ten-Year History of Discussions of Alloying-Element Interactions with Migrating Interfaces

  • Symposium: Austenite Formation and Decomposition IV
  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

ALEMI is concerned with the interactions between Alloying Elements and Migrating Interfaces. A first meeting was held in conjunction with the 2000 TMS Fall Meeting in St. Louis, MO. About 22 attendees endorsed the principles contained in the invitation, which envisaged a more collaborative approach to the study of alloying element interactions with transformation interfaces, especially in alloy steels. The meetings were intended to be informal workshops emphasizing the sharing of ideas and plans for research. The development of a shared stock of alloys for research was planned, as well as the publication of summaries of discussions in an open, preferably archival, forum. Eight further meetings were held, often in conjunction with major conferences. An approximate equilibrium developed between discussions of theoretical matters and experimental results and methods. A remarkable number of those who attended the first meeting in St. Louis continued to participate. Research ideas were put forward, issues debated, collaborations fostered, and the science of transformation interfaces advanced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Unless otherwise stated, all alloy compositions are given in mass percent.

  2. Hillert et al.[22] pointed out that the PB[26] model is based upon Cahn’s model,[23] which is strictly applicable to solute drag of grain boundaries in a single-phase alloy. The PB model yields a nonzero drag force at zero boundary velocity if the integration is not extended over the diffusion spike in the matrix phase. The amount of error depends on the difference in the standard free energy of solute between ferrite and austenite relative to the binding energy to the α/γ boundary.

  3. The mobilities that had to be used in these simulations to match experimental kinetics were found to be unrealistic; i.e., the pre-exponential had to be a function of temperature when assuming an effective activation energy of 140 kJ/mol. This may further indicate a solute drag role of Mn.

References

  1. A. Hultgren: Trans. ASM, 1947, vol. 39, pp. 915–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Hillert: “Paraequilibrium,” Report of the Swedish Institute for Metal Research, Stockholm, Sweden, 1953.

  3. C. Zener: J. Appl. Phys., 1949, vol. 20, pp. 950–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.S. Kirkaldy: Can. J. Phys., 1958, vol. 36, pp. 907–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D.E. Coates: Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 1203–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.W. Cahn: Acta Metall., 1962, vol. 10, pp. 789–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. K.R. Kinsman and H.I. Aaronson: Transformation and Hardenability in Steels, Climax Molybdenum Co., Ann Arbor, MI, 1967, pp. 39–53.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W.T. Reynolds, Jr., F.Z. Li, C.K. Shui, and H.I. Aaronson: Metall. Trans. A, 1990, vol. 21A, pp. 1433–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H.I. Aaronson, W.T. Reynolds, and G.R. Purdy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 1187–1209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Z.K. Liu: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, vol. 28A, pp. 1625–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Hillert and B. Sundman: Acta Metall., 1977, vol. 25, pp. 11–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Odquist, M. Hillert, and J. Agren: Acta Mater., 2002, vol. 59, p. 3211.

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. Enomoto: Acta Mater., 1999, vol. 47, pp. 3533–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. G.R. Purdy and Y.J.M. Bréchet: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 3763–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Enomoto, C.L. White, and H.I. Aaronson: Metall. Trans. A, 1988, vol. 19A, pp. 1807–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. K.M. Wu, M. Kagayama, and M. Enomoto: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, vol. A343, pp. 143–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Enomoto, N. Maruyama, K.M. Wu, and T. Tarui: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, vol. A343, pp. 151–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P.G. Boswell, K.R. Kinsman, G.J. Shiflet, and H.I. Aaronson: Mechanical Properties and Phase Transformations in Engineering Materials, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1986, pp. 445–66.

    Google Scholar 

  19. K.M. Wu and M. Enomoto: Scripta Mater., 2002, vol. 46, pp. 569–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Guo, G.R. Purdy, M. Enomoto, and H.I. Aaronson: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1721–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Guo and M. Enomoto: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38A, pp. 1152–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Hillert, J. Odqvist, and J. Ågren: Scripta Mater., 2001, vol. 45, pp. 221–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.W. Cahn: Acta Metall., 1962, vol. 10, pp. 789–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H.I. Aaronson, T. Furuhara, M.G. Hall, J.P. Hirth, J.F. Nie, G.R. Purdy, and W.T. Reynolds, Jr.: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 1227–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J.M. Howe, R.C. Pond, and J.P. Hirth: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2009, vol. 54, pp. 792–838.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Bréchet and G.R. Purdy: Scripta Mater., 2005, vol. 52, pp. 7–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Okamoto and J. Ågren: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 4791–4803.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. E.S. Humphreys, H.A. Fletcher, J.D. Hutchins, A.J. Garrett-Reed, W.T. Reynolds, Jr., H.I. Aaronson, G.R. Purdy, and G.D.W. Smith: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 25A, pp. 1223–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. H. Guo and G.R. Purdy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2008, vol. 39A, pp. 950–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. C. Hutchinson, A. Fuchsmann, and Y. Bréchet: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 1211–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. K. Oi, C. Lux, and G.R. Purdy: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 2142–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. D. Panahi, H.S. Zurob, C.R. Hutchinson, Y. Bréchet, and G.R. Purdy: unpublished research, 2010.

  33. M. Militzer, M.G. Mecozzi, J. Sietsma, and S. van der Zwaag: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 3961–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Viardin, B. Appolaire, E. Aeby-Gautier, and M. Gouné: Presentation at ALEMI, Avignon, 2010.

  35. M. Hillert, J. Odquist, and J. Ågren: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 50, pp. 697–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Hillert and L. Höglund: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 1259–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Hillert: Scripta Mater., 2001, vol. 44, pp. 1095–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Borgenstam and M. Hillert: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 2765–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H. Larsson and A. Borgenstam: Scripta Mater., 2007, vol. 56, pp. 61–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. Larsson, H. Strandlund, and M. Hillert: Acta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 945–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Hillert: Acta Mater., 2004, vol. 52, pp. 5289–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J.D. Van der Waals: 1893, English translation in J.S. Rowlinson: J. Stat. Phys., 1979, vol. 20, p. 197.

  43. J.W. Cahn and J.E. Hilliard: J. Chem. Phys., 1957, vol. 28, pp. 258–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Hillert: Acta Metall., 1961, vol. 9, pp. 525–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. I. Loginova, J. Odqvist, G. Amberg, and J. Ågren: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 1327–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. I. Loginova, J. Ågren, and G. Amberg: Acta Mater., 2004, vol. 52, pp. 4055–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. K. Grönhagen and J. Ågren: Acta Mater., 2007, vol. 55, pp. 955–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. J. Ågren: Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37, pp. 181–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. J.S. Kirkaldy: Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes, Interscience, New York, NY, 1962, pp. 39–130.

    Google Scholar 

  50. L. Onsager: Phys. Rev., 1931, vol. 37, pp. 405–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Onsager: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1945, vol. 46, pp. 241–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. L. Rayleigh: Proc. Math. Soc. London, 1873, vol. 4, pp. 357–68.

    Google Scholar 

  53. J. Svoboda, FD. Fischer, P. Fratzl, and A Kroupa: Acta Mater., 2002 vol. 50, pp. 1369–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. J. Svoboda and I. Turek: Phil. Mag., 1991, vol. B64, pp. 749–59.

    Google Scholar 

  55. E. Gamsjäger: Phil. Mag. Lett., 2008, vol. 88, pp. 363–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. A. Borgenstam: unpublished research, 2010.

  57. B. Chehab et al.: Presentation at ALEMI meeting, Hamilton, 2007.

  58. A. Borgenstam and J.M. Ericsson: Proc. Int. Conf. Solid-Solid Phase Transformations ’05, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2005, pp. 105–10.

  59. C.R. Hutchinson, A. Fuchsmann, H.S. Zurob, and Y. Bréchet: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 50, pp. 285–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. A. Phillion, H.S. Zurob, C.R. Hutchinson, H. Guo, D.V. Malakhov, J. Nakano, and G. Purdy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 1237–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. C. Sinclair, C.R. Hutchinson, and Y. Bréchet: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38A, pp. 821–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. G.R. Purdy: Ph.D. Thesis, McMaster University, West Hamilton, ON, Canada, 1962.

  63. M. Hillert: Proc. ICSTIS, Suppl. Trans. ISIJ, 1971, vol. 11, pp. 1153–59.

  64. H. Oikawa, J.-F. Remy, and A.G. Guy: Trans. ASM, 1968, vol. 61, pp. 110–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. www.alemi.ca/history.php

  66. C.R. Hutchinson, H.S. Zurob, and Y. Bréchet: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1711–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Béché, H.S. Zurob, and C.R. Hutchinson: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38A, pp. 2950–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. H.S. Zurob, C.R. Hutchinson, Y. Bréchet, and G.R. Purdy: Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials 2005, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2005, pp. 111–16.

    Google Scholar 

  69. H.S. Zurob, C.R. Hutchinson, A. Béché, G.R. Purdy, and Y.J.M. Bréchet: Acta Mater., 2008, vol. 56, pp. 2203–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. D. Panahi, H.S. Zurob, and G.R. Purdy: Presentation at AlEMI Meeting, Avignon, France, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  71. H.S. Zurob, C.R. Hutchinson, Y. Bréchet, H. Seyedrezaei, and G.R. Purdy: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 2781–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. M. Enomoto: Scripta Mater., 2002, vol. 24, pp. 145–50.

    Google Scholar 

  73. D. Quidort and Y. Bréchet: Scripta Mater., 2002 vol. 24, pp. 151–56.

    Google Scholar 

  74. M. Hillert: Scripta Mater., 2002 vol. 24, pp. 175–80.

    Google Scholar 

  75. A. Borgenstam, M. Hillert, and J. Ågren: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 3242–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. M. Hillert, A. Borgenstam, and J. Ågren: Scripta Mater., 2010, vol. 62, pp. 75–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. A. Borgenstam, P. Hedström, M. Hillert, P. Kolmskog, A. Stormvinter, and J. Ågren: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2011, vol. 42A, pp. 1558–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. M. Hillert, L. Höglund, and J. Ågren: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 2089–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. M. Hillert, ed.: Scripta Mater., 2002, vol. 47 (3), pp. 137–212.

  80. M. Veron: Presentation at ALEMI Meeting, Avignon, France, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  81. S.E. Offerman, N.H. van Dijk, J. Sietsma, S. Grigull, E.M. Lauridsen, and L. Margulies: Science, 2002, vol. 298, pp. 1003–05.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Y. Bréchet: Presentation at ALEMI Meeting, Stockholm, 2009.

  83. H. Guo: Ph.D. Thesis, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan, 2001.

  84. H. Guo and M. Enomoto: Mater. Trans. JIM, 2000, vol. 41, pp. 911–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. M. Enomoto, H. Guo, Y. Tazuke, Y.R. Abe, and M. Shimotomai: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32A, pp. 445–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. G.H. Zhang, M. Enomoto, N. Hosokawa, M. Kagayama, and Y. Adachi: J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2009, vol. 321, pp. 4010–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. M. Enomoto, G.H. Zhang, and K.M. Wu: Sol. State. Phenomena, 2011, vols. 172–174, pp. 362–71.

  88. G.H. Zhang and M. Enomoto: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, vol. 26, pp. 269–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. T. Moritani, N. Miyajima, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Scripta Mater., 2002, vol. 47, pp. 193–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. A. Shibata, T. Furuhara, and T. Maki: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 3477–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. R. Okamoto, A. Borgenstam, and J. Agren: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 4783–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. R. Okamoto: Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan, Private communication, 2010.

  93. M. Grujicic, H.C. Ling, D.M. Haezebrouck, and W.S. Owen: in Martensite—A Tribute to Morris Cohen, G.B. Olson and W.S. Owen, eds., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1992, pp. 175–89.

  94. A. Stormvinter, A. Borgenstam, P. Hedström, M. Hillert, J. Ågren. Y. Bréchet, P. Donnadieu, E. Rauch, and M. Veron: Presentation at ALEMI Meeting, Avignon, France, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  95. G. Miyamoto, N. Iwata, N. Takayama, and T. Furuhara: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 6393–6403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A. Debourg, R. Hadian, and G.R. Purdy: McMaster University, West Hamilton, ON, Canada, unpublished research, 2011.

  97. O. Thuillier, F. Danoix, M. Gouné, and D. Blavette: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 58, pp. 1071–74.

    Google Scholar 

  98. G.D.W. Smith and A. Cerezo: Microsc. Microanal., 2005, vol. 11, Suppl. 2, pp. 94–95.

    Google Scholar 

  99. N. Maruyama, G.D.W. Smith, and A Cerezo: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, vol. 353, pp. 126–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. J. Hao, I. Elfimov, and M. Militzer: Presentation at ALEMI, Avignon, France, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  101. D.A. Olmsted, S.M. Foiles, and E.A. Holm: Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57, pp. 3694–3703 and pp. 3704–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Y. Mishin, M. Asta, and Ju Li: Acta Mater., 2010, vol. 58, pp. 1117–51.

  103. M. Greenwood, N. Provatas, and J. Rottler: Phys. Rev. Lett., 2010, vol. 105, p. 045702, pp. 1–4.

  104. H. Song and J.J. Hoyt: McMaster University, West Hamilton, ON, unpublished research, Canada.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, West Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada

    Gary Purdy (University Professor Emeritus) & Hatem Zurob (Associate Professor)

  2. Materials Science and Engineering Department, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden

    John Ågren (Professor), Annika Borgenstam (Associate Professor) & Mats Hillert (Professor Emeritus)

  3. SIMAP, Institut Nationale Polytechnique de Grenoble, St. Matrin D’Heres, 38000, France

    Yves Bréchet (Professor)

  4. Ibaraki University, 4-12-1, Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, 316-8511, Japan

    Masato Enomoto (Professor)

  5. Institute for Materials Research, Tohuko University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Tadashi Furuhara (Professor)

  6. Institute of Mechanics, Montanuniversitat, A-8700, Leoben, Austria

    Ernst Gamsjager (Associate Professor)

  7. ArcelorMittal Research Center, Voie Romaine, BP 30320, Maizières-Les-Metz, Cedex, 57283, France

    Mohamed Gouné (Researcher)

  8. Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Christopher Hutchinson (Associate Professor)

  9. Center for Metallurgical Process Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Matthias Militzer (Professor)

Authors
  1. Gary Purdy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John Ågren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Annika Borgenstam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yves Bréchet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Masato Enomoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tadashi Furuhara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ernst Gamsjager
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Mohamed Gouné
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Mats Hillert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Christopher Hutchinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Matthias Militzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Hatem Zurob
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary Purdy.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted November 3, 2010.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Purdy, G., Ågren, J., Borgenstam, A. et al. ALEMI: A Ten-Year History of Discussions of Alloying-Element Interactions with Migrating Interfaces. Metall Mater Trans A 42, 3703–3718 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0766-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0766-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation