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Amaranth Peptides from Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion: Antioxidant Activity Against Reactive Species

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Abstract

We evaluated the capacity of simulated gastrointestinal digests or alcalase hydrolysates of protein isolates from amaranth to scavenge diverse physiologically relevant reactive species. The more active hydrolysate was obtained with the former method. Moreover, a prior alcalase treatment of the isolate followed by the same simulated gastrointestinal digestion did not improve the antioxidant capacity in any of the assays performed and even produced a negative effect under some conditions. Gastrointestinal digestion produced a strong increment in the scavenging capacity against peroxyl radicals (ORAC assay), hydroxyl radicals (ESR-OH assay), and peroxynitrites; thus decreasing the IC50 values to approximately 20, 25, and 20 %, respectively, of the levels attained with the nonhydrolyzed proteins. Metal chelation (HORAC assay) also enhanced respect to isolate levels, but to a lesser extent (decreasing IC50 values to only 50 %). The nitric-oxide– and superoxide-scavenging capacities of the digests were not relevant with respect to the methodologies used. The gastrointestinal digests from amaranth proteins acted against reactive species by different mechanisms, thus indicating the protein isolate to be a potential polyfunctional antioxidant ingredient.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT, Argentina) projects (PICT 2007–1114, PICT 2007–1119). Authors are members of CONICET (Argentina). Dr. Donald F. Haggerty, a retired career investigator and native English speaker, edited the final version of the manuscript.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

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Conflict of Interest

M. C. Orsini Delgado declares that she has no conflict of interest.

M. Galleano declares that she has no conflict of interest.

M. C. Añón declares that she has no conflict of interest.

V. Tironi declares that she has no conflict of interest.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET, 47 and 116, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    María C. Orsini Delgado, María C. Añón & Valeria A. Tironi

  2. Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL) – (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mónica Galleano

Authors
  1. María C. Orsini Delgado
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  2. Mónica Galleano
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  3. María C. Añón
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  4. Valeria A. Tironi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Valeria A. Tironi.

Electronic supplementary material

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ESM 1

AAPH-derived radicals scavenging with preparations I (●), Id (○), H (▲) and Hd (∆). Panel a: the ORAC assay; Panel b: the ESR assay. (DOC 1520 kb)

ESM 2

Typical ESR spectra obtained for Panel a: PBN-adduct of AAPH-derived radicals, Panel b: DMPO-OH adduct. (DOC 457 kb)

ESM 3

Hydroxyl radicals inhibition with preparations I (●), Id (○), H (▲) and Hd (∆). Panel a: the HORAC assay; Panel b: the ESR assay. (DOC 1061 kb)

ESM 4

Scavenging % with preparations I (●), Id (○), H (▲), Hd (∆). Panel a: superoxide, Panel b: nitric oxide (DOC 338 kb)

ESM 5

Peroxynitrites scavenging with preparations I (●), Id (○), H (▲) and Hd (∆). (DOC 472 kb)

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Delgado, M.C.O., Galleano, M., Añón, M.C. et al. Amaranth Peptides from Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion: Antioxidant Activity Against Reactive Species. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 70, 27–34 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-014-0457-2

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