Abstract
Effect of the liquid medium temperature on the characteristics of carbon nanostructures produced by pulsed laser ablation process in distilled water is investigated experimentally. The fundamental wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was employed to irradiate a high purity graphite target in distilled water at different temperatures of 0, 20, 35, 50 and 65 °C. Produced carbon nanostructures were diagnosed by UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, FTIR spectrum, X-ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Raman scattering spectrum. Results show that graphene nanosheets and carbon nanoparticles were produced in all temperatures. With increasing the temperature of ablation liquid the number of carbon nanoparticles increases while the rate of graphene nanosheets production decreases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Hamaoy, A., Chikarakara, E., Jawad, H., Gupta, K., Kumar, D., Rao, M.S.R., Krishnamurthy, S., Morshed, M., Fox, E., Brougham, D., He, X., Vázquez, M., Brabazon, D.: Liquid phase—pulsed laser ablation: a route to fabricate different carbon nanostructures. Appl. Surf. Sci. 302, 141–144 (2014)
Ban, F.Y., Majid, S.R., Huang, N.M., Lim, H.N.: Graphene Oxide and Its Electrochemical Performance. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7, 4345–4351 (2012)
Berciaud, S., Ryu, S., Brus, L.E., Heinz, T.F.: Probing the intrinsic properties of exfoliated graphene: Raman spectroscopy of free-standing monolayers. Nano Lett. 9, 346–352 (2009)
Dorranian, D., Solati, E., Dejam, L.: Photoluminescence of ZnO nanoparticles generated by laser ablation in deionized water. Appl. Phys. A 109, 307–314 (2012)
Fabbro, R., Fournier, J., Ballard, P., Devaux, D., Virmont, J.: Physical study of laserproduced plasma in confined geometry. J. Appl. Phys. 68, 775–784 (1990)
Ferrari, A.C., Meyer, J.C., Scardaci, V., Casiraghi, C., Lazzeri, M., Mauri, F., Piscanec, S., Jiang, D., Novoselov, K.S., Roth, S., Geim, A.K.: Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401 (2006)
Graf, D., Molitor, F., Ensslin, K., Stampfer, C., Jungen, A., Hierold, C., Wirtz, L.: Spatially Resolved Raman spectroscopy of single- and few-layer graphene. Nano Lett. 7, 238–242 (2007)
Kim, U.J., Gutie´rrez, H.R., Gupta, A.K., Eklund, P.C.: Raman scattering study of the thermal conversion of bundled carbon nanotubes into graphitic nanoribbons. Carbon 46, 729–740 (2008)
Kumar, V., Singh, V., Umrao, S., Parashar, V., Abraham, Sh, Singh, A.K., Nath, G., Saxena, P.S., Srivastava, A.: Facile, rapid and upscaled synthesis of green luminescent functional graphene quantum dots for bioimaging. RSC Adv. 4, 21101 (2014)
Mehrani, A., Dorranian, D., Solati, E.: Properties of Au/ZnO nanocomposite prepared by laser irradiation of the mixture of individual colloids. J. Cluster Sci. 26, 1743–1754 (2015)
Moradi, M., Solati, E., Darvishi, S., Dorranian, D.: Effect of aqueous ablation environment on the characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles produced by laser ablation. J. Cluster Sci. 27, 127–138 (2016)
Mortazavi, S.Z., Parvin, P., Reyhani, A.: Fabrication of graphene based on Q-switched Nd:YAG laser ablation of graphite target in liquid nitrogen. Laser Phys. Lett. 9, 547–552 (2012)
Pan, B., Xiao, J., Li, J., Liu, P., Wang, Ch., Yang, G.: Carbyne with finite length: the one-dimensional sp carbon. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500857 (2015)
Russo, P., Hu, A., Compagnini, G., Duley, W.W., Zhou, N.Y.: Femtosecond laser ablation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite: a green route for large-scale production of porous graphene and graphene quantum dots. Nanoscale 6, 2381–2389 (2014)
Shahriary, L., Athawale, A.A.: Graphene oxide synthesized by using modified hummers approach. Int. J. Renew. Energy Environ. Eng. 2, 58–63 (2014)
Solati, E., Dorranian, D.: Comparison between silver and gold nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in distilled water. J. Cluster Sci. 26, 727–742 (2015)
Solati, E., Dorranian, D.: Nonlinear optical properties of the mixture of ZnO nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets. Appl. Phys. B 122, 76 (2016)
Solati, E., Mashayekh, M., Dorranian, D.: Effects of laser pulse wavelength and laser fluence on the characteristics of silver nanoparticle generated by laser ablation. Appl. Phys. A 112, 689–694 (2013)
Solati, E., Dejam, L., Dorranian, D.: Effect of laser pulse energy and wavelength on the structure, morphology and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Opt. Laser Technol. 58, 26–32 (2014)
Tabatabaie, N., Dorranian, D.: Effect of fluence on carbon nanostructures produced by laser ablation in liquid nitrogen. Appl. Phys. A 122, 558 (2016)
Yang, Sh, Zeng, H., Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Cai, W.: Luminescent hollow carbon shells and fullerene-like carbon spheres produced by laser ablation with toluene. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 4432–4436 (2011)
Yoon, D., Moon, H., Cheong, H., Choi, J.S., Choi, J.A., Park, B.H.: Variations in the Raman spectrum as a function of the number of graphene layers. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 55, 1299–1303 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mahdian Asl, P., Dorranian, D. Effect of liquid medium temperature on the production rate and quality of graphene nanosheets produced by laser ablation. Opt Quant Electron 48, 535 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0793-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0793-6