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Impact of air exposure on the photobiology and biochemical profile of an aggressive intertidal competitor, the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum

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Abstract

The colonization of intertidal habitats is a challenging process. During low tide, many photosynthetic organisms, including symbiotic zoanthids, can be partially exposed to air eliciting significant physiological impairments, which may ultimately dictate the rate of colonization in such environments. Within this context, the present study aims to investigate, for the first time, the effects of air exposure on the fatty acid (FA) content and photobiological parameters of Palythoa caribaeorum, by comparing emerged and immersed polyps, within the same colony, during low tide. Tidal environment did not significantly affect FA percentages, but polyps that were emerged showed lower FA content than the immersed ones. Saturated FA fraction contributed the most to those dissimilarities, followed by the highly unsaturated and polyunsaturated FA fractions. Concomitantly, polyps that were permanently immersed displayed significantly higher values of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m) when compared with emerged polyps. An opposite pattern was observed regarding the indices derived from the rapid light-response curves of relative electron transport rate (α, ETRmax and E k). We argue that FA differences within each colony seem to be a consequence of impairments in carbon production with photoautotrophic origin. Our findings also suggest that emerged polyps display higher efficiency in responding to rapid light fluctuation, which seems to be a peculiar adaptation to these challenging environments. Thus, in addition to its morphological plasticity, P. caribaeorum seems to display a large trophic plasticity that may be linked with the aggressive competitive nature for vital resources in such tidal habitats and widespread distribution.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the European Commission 7th Framework Program Marie Curie Actions–People Grant PIRSES-GA-2011-295191 through the project SymbioCoRe (Synergies Through Merging Biological and Biogeochemical Expertise in Coral Research). RJMR was supported by a Postdoc scholarship (SFRH/BPD/99819/2014), financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). ICSC is supported by a PhD scholarship from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) (No 556755/2010-3) and postdoctoral fellowship from Fundaçao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (No. 2014/17815-0). RKPK is supported by the National Council for the Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) fellowship (PQ-1C) and is a researcher of the National Institute of Science and Technology for the Tropical Marine Environment (INCT AmbTropic). RR is supported by the Investigator FCT program (IF/01373/2013). The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on a previous version of our work as well as to Melany Lopes for her review on grammatical issues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Inês C. Rosa, Rui J. M. Rocha, Ricardo Calado, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares & João Serôdio

  2. Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal

    Ana Lopes & Rui Rosa

  3. Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanógrafo, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508120, Brazil

    Igor C. S. Cruz

  4. Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização (DivAV), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal

    Narcisa Bandarra

  5. Coral Reef and Global Changes Research Group (RECOR), Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil

    Ruy K. Kikuchi

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  1. Inês C. Rosa
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Rosa, I.C., Rocha, R.J.M., Lopes, A. et al. Impact of air exposure on the photobiology and biochemical profile of an aggressive intertidal competitor, the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum . Mar Biol 163, 222 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-3002-z

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