Abstract
Metagenomics is a powerful tool for mining the genetic repositories from environmental microorganisms. Bacteria associated with marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are rich sources of biologically active natural products. However, to date, few compounds are discovered from the sponge metagenomic libraries, and the main reason might be the difficulties in recovery of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA from sponge symbionts to construct large insert libraries. Here, we describe a method to recover HMW bacterial DNA from diverse sponges with high quality for bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library construction. Microorganisms concentrated from sponges by differential centrifugation were embedded in agarose plugs to lyse out the HMW DNA for recovery. DNA fragments over 436 kb size were recovered from three different types of sponges, Halichondria sp., Haliclona sp., and Xestospongia sp. To evaluate the recovered DNA quality, the diversity of bacterial DNA comprised in the HMW DNA derived from sponge Halichondria sp. was analyzed, and this HMW DNA sample was also cloned into a shuttle BAC vector between Escherichia coli and Streptomyces sp. The results showed that more than five types of bacterial DNA, i.e., Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and unidentified bacteria, had been recovered by this method, and an average 100 kb size insert DNA in a constructed BAC library demonstrated that the recovered HMW DNA is suitable for metagenomic library construction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beja O (2004) To BAC or not to BAC: marine ecogenomics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 15:187–190
Berry AE, Chiocchini C, Selby T, Sosio M, Wellington EM (2003) Isolation of high molecular weight DNA from soil for cloning into BAC vectors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 223:15–20
Bertrand H, Poly F, Van VT, Lombard N, Nalin R, Vogel TM, Simonet P (2005) High molecular weight DNA recovery from soils prerequisite for biotechnological metagenomic library construction. J Microbiol Methods 62:1–11
Boyd MR, Gustafson KR, McMahon JB, Shoemaker RH, O’Keefe BR, Mori T, Gulakowski RJ, Wu L, Rivera MI, Laurencot CM, Currens MJ, Cardellina JH, Buckheit RW, Nara PL, Pannell LK, Sowder RC, Henderson LE (1997) Discovery of cyanovirin-N, a novel human immunodeficiency virus-inactivating protein that binds viral surface envelope glycoprotein gp120: potential applications to microbicide development. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:1521–1530
Brady SF, Chao CJ, Handelsman J, Clardy J (2001) Cloning and heterologous expression of a natural product biosynthetic gene cluster from eDNA. Org Lett 3:1981–1984
Brikun IA, Reeves AR, Cernota WH, Luu MB, Weber JM (2004) The erythromycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Aeromicrobium erythreum. J Ind Microbiol Biotech 31:335–344
Burnett WJ, McKenzie JD (1997) Subcuticular bacteria from the brittle star Ophiactis balli (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) represent a new lineage of extracellular marine symbionts in the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:1721–1724
Chang L, Whittaker NF, Bewley CA (2003) Crambescidin 826 and dehydrocrambine A: new polycyclic guanidine alkaloids from the marine sponge Monanchora sp. that inhibit HIV-1 fusion. J Nat Prod 66:1490–1494
de la Torre JR, Christianson LM, Beja O, Suzuki MT, Karl DM, Heidelberg J, DeLong EF (2003) Proteorhodopsin genes are distributed among divergent marine bacterial taxa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:12830–12835
Dunlap WC, Battershill CN, Liptrot CH, Cobb RE, Bourne DG, Jaspars M, Long PF, Newman DJ (2007) Biomedicinals from the phytosymbionts of marine invertebrates: a molecular approach. Methods 42:358–376
Fieseler L, Hentschel U, Grozdanov L, Schirmer A, Wen G, Platzer M, Hrvatin S, Butzke D, Zimmermann K, Piel J (2007) Widespread occurrence and genomic context of unusually small polyketide synthase genes in microbial consortia associated with marine sponges. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2144–2155
Gillespie DE, Brady SF, Bettermann AD, Cianciotto NP, Liles MR, Rondon MR, Clardy J, Goodman RM, Handelsman J (2002) Isolation of antibiotics turbomycin a and B from a metagenomic library of soil microbial DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:4301–4306
Groudieva T, Kambourova M, Yusef H, Royter M, Grote R, Trinks H, Antranikian G (2004) Diversity and cold-active hydrolytic enzymes of culturable bacteria associated with Arctic sea ice, Spitzbergen. Extremophiles 8:475–488
Handelsman J (2004) Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68:669–685
Hayes LA, Lovley DR (2002) Specific 16S rDNA sequences associated with naphthalene degradation under sulfate-reducing conditions in harbor sediments. Microb Ecol 43:134–145
Ikeda H, Nonomiya T, Usami M, Ohta T, Omura S (1999) Organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyketide anthelmintic macrolide avermectin in Streptomyces avermitilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:9509–9514
Jiang SM, Li X, Zhang L, Sun W, Dai SK, Xie LW, Liu YH, Lee KJ (2008) Culturable actinobacteria isolated from marine sponge Iotrochota sp. Mar Biol 153:945–952
Kalinovskaya NI, Ivanova EP, Alexeeva YV, Gorshkova NM, Kuznetsova TA, Dmitrenok AS, Nicolau DV (2004) Low-molecular-weight, biologically active compounds from marine Pseudoalteromonas species. Curr Microbiol 48:441–446
Kennedy J, Marchesi JR, Dobson AD (2007) Metagenomic approaches to exploit the biotechnological potential of the microbial consortia of marine sponges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 75:11–20
Kim TK, Fuerst JA (2006) Diversity of polyketide synthase genes from bacteria associated with the marine sponge Pseudoceratina clavata: culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Environ Microbiol 8:1460–1470
Li X, Qin L (2005) Metagenomics-based drug discovery and marine microbial diversity. Trends Biotechnol 23:539–543
Li CW, Chen JY, Hua TE (1998) Precambrian sponges with cellular structures. Science 279:879–882
Li ZY, He LM, Wu J, Jiang Q (2006) Bacterial community diversity associated with four marine sponges from the South China Sea based on 16S rDNA-DGGE fingerprinting. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 329:75–85
Newman DJ, Hill RT (2006) New drugs from marine microbes: the tide is turning. J Ind Microbiol Biotech 33:539–544
O’Keefe BR, Smee DF, Turpin JA, Saucedo CJ, Gustafson KR, Mori T, Blakeslee D, Buckheit R, Boyd MR (2003) Potent anti-influenza activity of cyanovirin-N and interactions with viral hemagglutinin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:2518–2525
Osoegawa K, Woon PY, Zhao B, Frengen E, Tateno M, Catanese JJ, de Jong PJ (1998) An improved approach for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome libraries. Genomics 52:1–8
Paleari L, Trombino S, Falugi C, Gallus L, Carlone S, Angelini C, Sepcic K, Turk T, Faimali M, Noonan DM, Albini A (2006) Marine sponge-derived polymeric alkylpyridinium salts as a novel tumor chemotherapeutic targeting the cholinergic system in lung tumors. Int J Oncol 29:1381–1388
Penn J, Li X, Whiting A, Latif M, Gibson T, Silva CJ, Brian P, Davies J, Miao V, Wrigley SK, Baltz RH (2006) Heterologous production of daptomycin in Streptomyces lividans. J Ind Microbiol Biotech 33:121–128
Piel J, Hui D, Fusetani N, Matsunaga S (2004a) Targeting modular polyketide synthases with iteratively acting acyltransferases from metagenomes of uncultured bacterial consortia. Environ Microbiol 6:921–927
Piel J, Hui D, Wen G, Butzke D, Platzer M, Fusetani N, Matsunaga S (2004b) Antitumor polyketide biosynthesis by an uncultivated bacterial symbiont of the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:16222–16227
Rao KV, Kasanah N, Wahyuono S, Tekwani BL, Schinazi RF, Hamann MT (2004) Three new manzamine alkaloids from a common Indonesian sponge and their activity against infectious and tropical parasitic diseases. J Nat Prod 67:1314–1318
Rondon MR, August PR, Bettermann AD, Brady SF, Grossman TH, Liles MR, Loiacono KA, Lynch BA, MacNeil IA, Minor C, Tiong CL, Gilman M, Osburne MS, Clardy J, Handelsman J, Goodman RM (2000) Cloning the soil metagenome: a strategy for accessing the genetic and functional diversity of uncultured microorganisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:2541–2547
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Schirmer A, Gadka R, Reeve CD, Ibrahim F, DeLong EF, Hutchinson CR (2005) Metagenomic analysis reveals diverse polyketide synthase gene clusters in microorganisms associated with the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4840–4849
Schwecke T, Aparicio JF, Molnar I, Konig A, Khaw LE, Haydock SF, Oliynyk M, Caffrey P, Cortes J, Lester JB et al (1995) The biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyketide immunosuppressant rapamycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:7839–7843
Sipkema D, Franssen MC, Osinga R, Tramper J, Wijffels RH (2005) Marine sponges as pharmacy. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 7:142–162
Stierle AC, Cardellina JH, Singleton FL (1988) A marine Micrococcus produces metabolites ascribed to the sponge Tedania ignis. Experientia 44:1021
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599
Venter JC, Remingto K, Heidelber JF, Halpern AL, Rusch D, Eisen JA, Wu D, Paulsen I, Nelson KE, Nelson W, Fouts DE, Levy S, Knap AH, Lomas MW, Nealson K, White O, Peterson J, Hoffman J, Parsons R, Baden-Tillson H, Pfannkoch C, Rogers YH, Smith HO (2004) Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea. Science 304:66–74
Wang GY, Graziani E, Waters B, Pan W, Li X, McDermott J, Meurer G, Saxena G, Andersen RJ, Davies J (2000) Novel natural products from soil DNA libraries in a streptomycete host. Org Lett 2:2401–2404
Webster NS, Wilson KJ, Blackall LL, Hill RT (2001) Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:434–444
Woese CR, Gutell R, Gupta R, Noller HF (1983) Detailed analysis of the higher-order structure of 16S-like ribosomal ribonucleic acids. Microbiol Rev 47:621–669
Zhang H, Zhang W, Jin Y, Jin M, Yu X (2008) A comparative study on the phylogenetic diversity of culturable actinobacteria isolated from five marine sponge species. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 93:241–248
Acknowledgements
This research was partially funded by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-216, KZCX2-YW-211), National Supportive Plan Project of Science and Technology (2006BAB19B02), and the Research Foundation of Science and Technology Plan Project in Guangdong Province (2008A030203004). We also thank the financial support of the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Yongchang Ouyang and Shikun Dai contributed equally to this work.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ouyang, Y., Dai, S., Xie, L. et al. Isolation of High Molecular Weight DNA from Marine Sponge Bacteria for BAC Library Construction. Mar Biotechnol 12, 318–325 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-009-9223-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-009-9223-0